Appliances for Horse-training 225 



fore the time of training arrives, the sooner he is 

 backed the quicker he will be trained ; the mouth is 

 better made and the horse more quickly balanced 

 without resorting to long reins; and this is the 

 general practice on the Continent. 



When they are used, the horse should be made 

 to circle round the trainer, the outer rein being held 

 sufficiently tight to keep the animal's quarters from 

 flying out. Both reins should be supported on 

 the horse's back about trace-high, and the first time 

 they are put on a young one they should be attached 

 to a light cavesson. 



Hayes suggests using long reins for teaching rid- 

 ing, in order to relieve the tyro of the control of his 

 horse. It is an old idea which was practised in the 

 sixteenth century, and carries no advantages over 

 the longeing rein in common use abroad. 



The Single Rein and Cavesson. — The single 

 rein needs very little description. It is simply a long 

 rein made either of leather, webbing, or cord, with a 

 billet at one end. The cavesson is a head-collar with 

 an iron or steel nose-band covered with leather or 

 cloth, or a plain leather one, on the front of which 

 there may be either one or three rings, to which the 



