Appliances for Horse-training 229 



reins and side reins, that the less the head is forcibly 

 controlled at this early stage the better. Crosstree^ 

 are only used abroad for Haute Ecole training. 



In the event of the horse refusing to lead, two ap- 

 pliances are suggested — ^the Crupper Leading- 

 Rein and the Commanche Bridle. 



The crupper leading-rein can be improvised by 

 making a small loop in the center of a long piece 

 of rope, which is applied as a crupper, and passing 

 the two ends through the stirrup-leathers and on 

 through the headstall just above the nose-band. It 

 will sometimes be found useful in leading a horse 

 over small water jumps when other means of getting 

 him over have failed, for moving an obstinate jibber, 

 or for boxing a refractory horse. 



A description of the Commanche bridle will be 

 found in Hayes's " Illustrated Horse Breaking " ; its 

 action gives pain, so that the advantage it offers is 

 problematical. 



Several writers, both English and foreign, have 

 invented " Strait-jackets " for horses. The prin- 

 ciple is the same in each case: the horse's legs are 

 encircled with a rope at about elbow height, in order 

 to facilitate handling. The appliance was in use in 



