BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE IN UNITED STATES 233 



usually good, being full, similar to that of the Angus. The bone 

 is fine, the skin mellow, the hair soft and silky, and the grain of 

 the meat is fine and high in quality. Little attention has been 

 devoted to the milking qualities of Galloway cows, but they give 

 enough milk to raise a good calf. The milk is regarded as 

 ranking high in butter-fat, and having good quality. The 

 Galloways have commanded especial attention because of their 

 prepotency and the uniformity of the offspring when the bulls 

 are used for grading up or for crossing. 



This breed mil probably never be very popular in the United 

 States except in the north-west, where climatic conditions are 

 severe and the range grasses are often scant. In that section, 

 however, the bulls could be used advantageously for grading up 

 native stock. 



DUAL PURPOSE BREEDS. 



The dual purpose cattle have been bred to produce females 

 which would yield a good quantity of milk and produce off- 

 spring which would be desirable for beef. As the type of animal 

 necessary for the production of large yields of milk is entirely 

 different from that of the beef animals, it has been impossible 

 to produce a breed which would combine these functions and be 

 of superior merit for both purposes. The dual-purpose animal 

 may, however, be a desirable milker and at the same time produce 

 ■calves which make good, though not superior, beef animals. As 

 there has been a constant tendency for some breeders to incline 

 more to the dairy type of animals, while others prefer to develop 

 the beef tendencies, there has been, and probably always -v^all 

 be, a vride variation in the type of dual-purpose animals. They 

 are not so uniform in conformation as either the strictly beef 

 or dairy breeds. Most breeders prefer to use cows which 



approach the dairy type nearer than the beef type and to use 

 a bull of the beef type that had a dam with a good milk record. 

 The offspring of such cattle necessarily cannot be of as uniform 

 type as the breeds which have but one function to perform. 



The dual-purpose cattle are popular with the small farmer, 

 who keeps but a few cattle, and must depend upon them to pro- 

 duce all the milk and butter needed for the family and at the 

 «ame time raise calves or steers which will sell readily for 

 slaughter purposes. They have not been popular with the 

 ranchman or farmer who raises large numbers of cattle. 



