BREEDS OF BEEF CATTLE IN UNITED STATES 237 



they were popular with the people of New England. They are 

 slower of growth than any of the beef breeds except the Gallo- 

 way. Their endurance, intelligence, and their gameness have 

 made them popular as work oxen wherever they have been tried 

 — no breed excels them in this respect. 



In size they are somewhat smaller than the Red Polled, mature 

 bulls weighing from 1500 to 2000, and cows from 1100 to 1400 

 pounds or more. They are solid red in colour, white being 

 permitted only on the udder, or near the scrotum of the male, 

 and on the switch of the tail. The shade of red varies, but a 

 rich bright red is preferred. In conformation the Devons 

 incline more to the beef type than to the dual-purpose type. 

 They are close coupled, very compact, smooth, and rank high 

 in quality and style. They have small bone, which is hard and 

 compact, giving a slender, tine leg. 



The head is lean, clean cut, of medium length, and surniounted 

 by rather long white or waxy horns, which curve upward, for- 

 ward, outward, and backward in the cow, and are almost straight 

 in the bull. The horns of the steers are large, long, and often 

 widespread, usually being very white or waxy, with dark tips. 

 The neck is medium in length, smooth, and blends nicely with 

 the shoulder. The body is compact, fairly well covered with 

 flesh, has well-sprung, deep ribs, and is usually low set. The 

 chest, back, loin, and hindquarter are usually well developed, 

 though the flank and twist are usually somewhat higher than in 

 the beef breeds. The cows are fair to good milkers giving rich 

 milk, and always provide an abundance to bring forward a good 

 calf. The steers fatten somewhat slower than the beef breeds, 

 but produce meat fine in texture and of good quality. The breed 

 cannot be surpassed as good feeders, but they are usually slower 

 in growth than the beef breeds, and this alone can account for the 

 fact that they have never become popular throughout the 

 country. In New England, in parts of the south, and in a few 

 other States the Devon has proved profitable, especially on lands 

 where the grazing was rather scant or of poor quality. They 

 are prepotent; good calves are produced when good bulls are 

 mated with common cows, and such calves usually make fair 

 milkers. 



Brahman or "Indian" Cattle. 



Under the names of Brahman, "Indian," or Zebu cattle are 

 classified a number of different strains of cattle of the species; 



