148 TYPES AND BREEDS 



Body.—\2. 



21. Withers — high, muscular, well finished at top, extending well into 



back 3 



22. Chest — medium wide, deep 2 



23. Ribs — well sprung, long, close 2 



24. Back — short, straight, strong, broad 2 



25. Loin — short, broad, muscular, strongly coupled 2 



26. Flank — deep, full, long, low under line 1 



Hindquarters. — 3 1 . 



27. Hips — broad, round, smooth 2 



28. Croup — long, level, round, smooth 2 



29. Tail— set high, well carried 2 



30. Tliighs— full, muscular 2 



31. Stifles — broad, full, muscular 2 



32. Gaskins — broad, muscular 2 



33. Hocks — straight, wide, point prominent, deep, clean cut, smooth, 



well supported 5 



34. Canons — short, broad, flat, tendons sharply defined, set well back. 2 



35. Fetlocks — wide, tendons well back, straight, well supported 2 



36. Pasterns — long, oblique (50 degrees), smooth, strong 2 



37. Feet — large, round (slightly less than in front), uniform, straight, 



slope of wall parallel to slope of pastern, sole concave, bars 

 strong, frog large and elastic, heels wide, full, one-third height 

 of toe, horn dense, smooth, dark color 4 



38. Legs^-direction viewed from the rear, a perpendicular fine 



dropped from the point of the buttock should divide the leg and 

 foot into lateral halves; viewed from the side, this same line 

 should touch the point of the hock and meet the ground some 

 Httle distance back of the heel. A perpendicular line dropped 

 from the hip-joint should meet the ground near the centre of 

 the foot 4 



Way of Going. — 15. 



39. Walk — rapid, flat footed, in line 5 



40. Trot — free, straight, smooth, springy, going well off hocks, not 



extreme knee fold 5 



41. Canter — slow, collected, either lead, no cross canter 5 



Total 100 



SOUNDNESS 



A horse is sound provided there be not a partial or total loss 

 of function, preventing or likely to prevent him from perform- 

 ing the ordinary duties of his class. 



The real significance of soundness is quite generally misun- 

 derstood by the tisers of horses, much to their own disadvantage 

 and to the misfortune of many an unsound horse. The impor- 

 tance of an existing unsoundness is directly proportionate to the 

 extent to which it incapacitates a horse for the service to which 

 he is otherwise best adapted. If it causes him little or no incon- 



