306 THE HORSE IN SERVICE 



Freight tariffs are not Tiniform the country over, but the fol- 

 lowing one is fairly typical : 



A carload is hilled at a minimum of 20,000 pounds ; single 

 horses or less than a carload at 5000 pounds for one mare or 

 gelding; 3000 pounds for each additional head. Stallions are 

 rated at YOOO pounds straight, whether alone or in a mixed car 

 of stock other than horses, although a stallion shipped in a full 

 carload of horses only is not discriminated against. 



Care During Shipment. — Shipments of horses come under 

 the federal law requiring all stock to he unloaded, fed, and 

 watered every twenty-eight hours ; this time may he extended to 

 thirty-six hours if so agreed between the shipper and carrier 



Fig. 107. — Stock car for shipping horses. 



beforehand. Less than a carload, accompanied by an attendant 

 who feeds and waters them, are not subject to this law. Most 

 carloads of horses are shipped unattended, as a man can do little 

 to either prevent or overcome trouble in the car en route. 



Horses are best prepared for shipment by a good fill of tim- 

 otliy hay and only a moderate ration of soft feed. They require 

 little if any feed en route within a twenty-eight-hour limit, a 

 small amount of hay to pick over being sufiicient. The Penn- 

 sylvania Railroad is eliminating the hay racks from its latest 

 featured stock car, on the ground that hay is unnecessary with 

 the operation of the twenty-eight-hour unloading law, that much 

 of it is usually wasted, and that the racks take up valuable head 

 room and, becoming loose or broken, as they frequently do, are a 

 constant source of danger to the heads and eyes of horses. 



