710 



GLEANINGS IN BEE CULTURE. 



Nov. 



half holes are bored In the end-plecps a little below 

 the center, over which glass is placed for observa- 

 tion. Fig. 2 is a side view of the section-box com- 

 plete, with thin strips tacked on the sides and top, 

 which are easily removed. Tin or thin wood sepa- 

 rators may be slid down between the sections, the 

 ends restinjar upon the side strips of the crates. With 

 pieces of old comb or foundation placed in the upper 

 part of the sections for starters, the bees will gener- 

 ally fill them out with exquisite neatness. 

 Judsonia, Ark, F. A. Slater, A. M. 



In addition to the above, the editors write 

 as follows : 



In addition to the above-described crate, we pre- 

 sent two others which may have points of conveni- 

 ence for some of our subscribers: 



CAI^IFORMA WHITE SAGE, 



CAPTURED AT LAST. 



FIG. 3.— SECTION-FRAME. 



Fig. 3 represents the ordinary section-frame— a 

 frame made of stuff one-fourth inch thick by two 

 inches wide, and of the same length as the frames 

 used in the brood-chamber of the hive. The frame 

 represented is the standard Lang«troth size, and 

 contains eight one-pound sections. These sections 

 are now largely made by machinery, with the ends 

 dovetailed together, and for many persons those 

 thus made will be preferred to such as can be made 

 at home, as they are sold by the thousand at half a 

 cent each. Each section should contain a " starter " 

 of comb foundation, and seven of these frames, con- 

 taining 56 sections, are put into the surplus chamber 

 of the hive at once, with no honey-board, so that the 

 bees have ready access to them. The objection to 

 this arrangement is, that when the honey-How is not 

 strong, and especially late in the season, it is some- 

 times desirable to put on fewer sections at a time. 

 For this purpose the crate described by Prof. Slater 

 is excellent. Mr. J. W. Newlove, of Columbus. Ohio, 

 manufactures a modification of this crate, which is 

 shown in Fig. 4. 



FIG. 4.— newlove's section-crate. 



This crate Is of proper size to cover the whole top 

 of the hive, and to contain, for the standard hive, 

 twenty-eight sections. It has a glass in the side for 

 observation, and its "bottom-board " is simply a se- 

 ries of thin strips % inch thick by 2 inches wide, and 

 so arranged as to support the ends of the sections, 

 three of these strips, with a narrow cleat on each 

 side of the crate, serving for the size shown. Mr. 

 Newlore makes his crate a little larger than the 

 space occupied by the sections, and Alls the spaces 

 thus left with strips cut wedge-shape. By removing 

 tkese strips the sections are readily taken out. 

 With both Newlove' s and Prof. Slater's crates the 

 surplus space may be regulated to better advantage 

 than with the section-frames, as these crates maybe 

 lifted, when partly filled, and empty ones slipped 

 under— an operation which will stimulate the bees 

 to Increased activity, instead of discouraging them, 

 aa tbe takiug-awaj of their surplus ef ten does. 



fjjHERE has been quite a little discussion 

 as to what is the true white California 

 sage, and as to just what it is like. 

 We give below a letter in regard to it, from 

 our old friend Pryal : 



I have had executed, during the past few weeks, 

 per order of the editors of Vick's Monthly Magazine, 

 several sketches of the white sage. They were 

 made by a first-class artist, under my personal su- 

 pervision. They show the entire plant in full bloom 

 in figure 1. In figure 2 are a couple of stalks show- 

 ing flowers and leaves in their natural shape. Fig. 

 3 shows a section of the stalk so that the flowers 

 may be seen in their natural size, which shows their 

 curious flowers. The drawing is very artistic and 

 truthful; and If the engraver does it justice, it 

 will make a nice full-page cut. I had it arranged so 

 that electros could be made from It in such a way 

 that the plant, and section of stalk and flowers, 

 would form two separate cuts. 



The Pacific Rural Press cut, seen on page 301 of 

 Gleanings, was made by the photo-electro process, 

 which doesn't do for flowers. W. A. Pryal. 



North Temescal, Cal., Aug. 25, 1883. 



The following is an extract from Vick's 

 Monthly for October: 



the white sage. 



Few. if any, floral publications have done more to 

 bring the true characteristics and merits of Califor- 

 nia trees and plants before the public than have 

 those of James Vick. That true lover of Flora's 

 gifts visited the flowery vales and mountains of that 

 State, and on his return home was never tired of 

 talking and writing of the countless acres of brilliant 

 floral jewels he saw there. We are pleased to see 

 that his successors are following in the footsteps of 

 their father. California owes them lasting thanks, 

 and is always ready to bestow them. 



The products of the State are so varied, and of 

 such superior merit that her people, as also those of 

 other climes, can not help but praise them. Her 

 specimens of the vegetable kingdom are often real- 

 ly wonderful, and then the quantity is still as sur- 

 prising. Once the " land of gold," she passed suc- 

 cessii'ely to the land of wheat, of the grape, of 

 flowers, of fruit, of milk, and of honey, and in a 

 wondrous degree combined them all as no other 

 country could. Her gigantic trees have been gazed 

 at in astonishment by people from all shores; her 

 gold has enriched many, while it has found a place 

 In the pockets of every civilized being in the world 

 who had the least desire of possessing the golden 

 shiners, and who among men has not had that wish? 

 Her plump wheat has crossed the wide seas to feed 

 the hungry of the Old World. Her brilliant and 

 many-hued flowers are adorning the gardens of the 

 great and the humble in all quarters of the globe, 

 and In the gardens of the peasant they luxuriate to 

 the same degree as they do in the gardens of kings. 

 Her fruits have of late years gone far and wide; 

 they receive the same praise that her precious 

 metals, wine, trees, grain, and flowers do. 



As it would seem. California wonders never cease. 

 Scarcely a decade has passed since the busy bee re- 

 vealed the fact there bloomed on the almost desolate 

 hills and mountains of the southern part of the 

 State an unpretentious flower that secreted nectar 

 more copiously than the flowers of the thvme on 

 Mt. Hymettus did in days of yore. When the news 

 of this newly discovered bee Arcadia reached apia- 

 rists in the north, the east, and the south, the star of 

 bee culture at once took its course westward, where 

 gold-hunters had, a quarter of a century previously, 

 built up a prosperous State. In a few years number- 

 less colonies were sending out their innumerable 

 workers to harvest the nectar which for ages past 

 had been wasted on the desert air. The climate — 

 In fact, every thing— rendered the country a para- 

 dise for bees, and they gathered such quantities of 

 honey that it soon became an article of export. 

 Ships were paUed Jato service to trapsport tb^ (Jct 



