FATS, OILS, AND WAXES 



>c 



C 17 H 33 COOCH 2 



forms an important constituent of most vegetable and animal 

 oils. 



2. Acids of the LiNOLic series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 4 O 2 . 



la) Open chain compounds, C 18 H 32 O 2 Linolic acid and its various isomers. 

 (b) Cyclic compounds, C^H^O.^ Hydnocarpic acid. 

 CjgH^Ojj Chaulmoogric acid. 



3. Acids of the LlNOLENlC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 6 O 2 . 



C^HjgOjj Linolenic acid and its isomers. 



4. Acids of the CLUPANODONIC series. 



General formula C n H 2 n- 8 O2' 



C 1S H 2S O 2 Clupanodonic acid. 



5. Acids of the RlCINOLElC series. 



General formula C n H 2n _ 2 O 8 . 



C 1S H. I4 O 3 Ricinoleic acid and its isomers. 



The relationship between the five series of acids, which 

 differ from each other successively by two atoms of hydrogen, 

 as shown by the formulae 



C n H 2n O 2 , CnH 2n _ 2 O 2 , C n H 2n _ 4 O 2 , C n H 2n - 6 O 2 , and C n H 2n - 8 O 2 



is similar to that subsisting between the three series of hydro- 

 carbons having the general formulae : 



CTT f\ TT ft TT 



n n 2n+2> ^ / n rl 2n' ^'n rl 2n 2 



The hydrocarbons of the first or Paraffin series are said to be 

 saturated, by which is meant that each of the four valencies of 

 their carbon atoms are fully satisfied, as shown by the follow- 

 ing graphic formulae : 



H H H H H 



H C C-H H C C C H 



II III 



H H H H H 



Ethane C a H 6 Propane C 3 H 8 



