8 4 



THE CARBOHYDRATES 



A. 8-316 grams of pure crystallized copper sulphate are 



carefully weighed and dissolved in one litre of dis- 

 tilled water. 



B. 40*8 grams Rochelle salt. 

 40-8 grams caustic potash. 



600 c.c. strong ammonia ( - 88o). 

 Distilled water to one litre. 



In making up the mixture B great accuracy is not essential. 

 For titration 25 c.c. of A (very accurately measured) are 

 mixed with 25 c.c. of B. The complete reduction of 50 c.c. 

 of Pavy's solution is effected by "025 gram of glucose. 



Pavy's solution may also be prepared from Fehling's 

 solution as follows : 120 c.c. of Fehling's are mixed with 

 300 c.c. of strong ammonia ('880) and 400 c.c. of 12 per cent 

 potash solution. The mixture is then made up with distilled 

 water to one litre. 



Method. Fit a 250 c.c. flask with a well-fitting cork bored 

 with two holes, one to contain an 

 outlet tube and the other the nozzle 

 of the burette. Pour into the flask 

 50 c.c. of Pavy's solution and 50 c.c. 

 of distilled water ; mix thoroughly 

 and introduce a little powdered glass. 

 Dilute the sugar solution with a 10 

 per cent solution of ammonia, in order 

 that 50 c.c. shall be about equivalent 

 to 50 c.c. of the Pavy solution. Bring 

 the Pavy solution to the boil by 

 means of a small flame, and run in 

 the sugar solution I c.c. at a time. 

 Having thus roughly ascertained the 

 amount of sugar required, accurate 

 readings are to be obtained by running 

 in nearly all the requisite sugar at 

 - once, and then drop by drop until the 

 end point is reached. 



FIG. 3. 



The following precautions are very important : 

 I. The operation must be carried out rapidly, else all the 

 ammonia is driven off and the cuprous oxide is precipitated. 



