INDEX 



417 



79, 85 (fig.), 112; concentric, 

 85 (fig.), 86, 133 (fig.), 134, 292 

 (fig.) ; cortical, 86 ; leaf-trace, 

 114, 173, 294 (fig.), 295; 

 medullary, 86 ; secondary, 133 

 (fig.), 134. 

 Bundle-ends, 113, 145, 146, 147 



(fig-)- 

 Bundle-sheath, of Conifers, 343, 



344 (fig.) ; of leaves, 107, 108 



(fig.), 112, 113 ; of stems, 85 



(fig.), 86. 

 Bunt, 407. 

 Burdock (Arctium), collenchyma, 



3i (fig-)- 



Burr-reed (Sparganium), 366. 



Butcher's Broom (Ruscus aculeatus], 

 cladode-structure, 159 (fig.), 

 1 66. 



Butomus, 356. 



Butter, cause of rancidity of, 265. 



Buttercup (Ranunculus spp.), 384 ; 

 leaf of, 177 (fig.) ; nectaries of, 

 148 ; root-structure of, 66-9 

 (figs.) ; stem-structure of, 86, 



87- 

 Butterwort (Pinguicula) , glands of, 



149, 150 (fig.). 

 Buttress-roots, 125. 

 Butyric acid, 265, 267. 

 Buxus sempervirens, 86, 127. 

 By-products of plants, 3, 40, 58- 



64-, 138, 144, 156. 



Cabbage, " Finger and Toe " dis- 

 ease of, 251, 254 ; Mildew 

 (Peronospora parasitica), 243. 



Cabinet-work, timber used in^ 126, 

 130. 



Cactaceae, 178. 



Cactus, 167. 



Caffein, 61 ; and tannins, 13, 60 ; 

 permeability of protoplasm to, 



13- 



Calamites, 310, 311, 312 (fig.), 407. 

 Calcareous Algae, 204. 

 Calcified hairs, 104; walls, 39, 



204. 

 Calcium oxalate, 58, 59 (fig.), 130, 



237 ; reactions of, 59. 

 Callithamnion, 204. 

 Callitriche stagnalis, anatomy of, 



175-7 (figs.). 



Callose, 82, 231 ; reactions of, 82. 

 Calluna, 72 ; leaf of, 162, 163 (fig.). 

 Callus, 142. 

 Caltha, 72, 356 ; hydathodes of, 



146; ovule of, 366 (fig.). 



27 



Calycanthaceae, geographical distri- 

 bution of, 394 (fig.). 



Calyptra, 282 ; of Liverworts, 282, 

 283 (fig.) ; of Mosses, 274 (fig.), 

 284, 285 (fig.). 



Calyptrogen, 20. 



Calyx, 354. 



Cambium, 29 (fig.), 90, 117, 118 

 (fig.) ; of aquatics, 173 ; of 

 cork, 135, 136 (fig.), 137, 138 

 (fig.), 139 (fig.), 141 ; of leaves, 

 112 ; of lenticels, 139, 140 

 (fig.); of Monocotyledons, 117, 

 J 33 (fig-), 355 ; of roots, 66 

 (fig.), 131 (fig.) ; of Coniferous 

 stems, 328 ; of Dicotyledonous 

 stems, 79, 80 (fig.), 81 (fig.), 

 83 (fig.), 117, 118 (fig.), 119 



(fig.), 121 (fig.). 



Campanulaceae, 44, 153, 154. 

 Camphor, 63. 

 Campion (Lychnis), 88. 

 Campylotropous ovules, 358 (fig.), 



359- 



Canada Balsam, use of, 404, 405. 

 Canadian Pondweed (Elodea cana- 



densis), cell-structure, 5, 6 (fig.); 



spread of, in British Isles, 392 



(fig-)- 



Cane-sugar, 45, 46, 53, 54, 281 ; 

 hydrolysis of, 46, 53, 55 ; 

 osmotic pressure of, n ; re- 

 actions of, 47. 



Cannabis saliva, 34, 265. 



Cantharellus, 251 (fig.). 



Caoutchouc, 155, 157. 



Caps (oiCEdogonium), 195, 217 (fig.)- 



Capsella bursa-pastoris, embryo- 

 logy of, 368-70 (fig.) ; hairs 

 of, 102 (fig.) ; White Rust 

 of, 231, 233 (fig.). 



Capsule of, Fern-sporangium, 297- 

 300 (figs.) ; Liverworts, 271 

 (fig.), 282, 283 (fig.) ; Mosses, 

 100, 274 (fig.), 284-7 (fig.). 



Carbohydrates, 31, 40-48, 50, 82, 

 266, 267 ; reactions of, 41, 44, 

 47; translocation of, 88, no. 



Carbon dioxide, absorption of, 88, 

 109, 259, 343 ; circulation of, 

 265, 266 ; formation of, in 

 alcoholic fermentation, 53, 256. 



Carbon dioxide assimilation, 40, 41, 

 107 ; and light, 96 ; by Algae, 

 181, 183, 202, 207 ; by roots, 

 73, 74 I bv stems, 88, 162, 167 ; 

 removal of products of, 41, 

 no; sugars formed in, 46. 



