INDEX 



451 



(fig.) ; Fungi, 235 (fig.), 236, 

 237 (fig-), 238, 240 (fig.) ; 

 Lycopodium, 315, 316 (fig.) ; 

 Lyginopteris, 328, 33O-33 

 (figs.) ; Selaginella, 317 (fig.), 

 318 (fig!), 319; Slime-Fungi, 

 251- 



Spore-mother cells, 282, 390. 



Spore-mother cells of, Angiosperms. 

 361, 365 ; Conifers, 345, 348 ; 

 Ferns, 297, 305, 307, 308 ; 

 Liverworts, 282 ; Mosses, 284, 

 285 (fig.) ; Selaginella, 319. 



Spores of, Algae, 206 (fig.), 213, 

 215-20 (figs.), 228; Bacteria, 

 262, 263, 267 (fig.) ; Conifers, 

 345, 348; Cycads, 326, 327; 

 Equisetum, 313 (fig.) ; Ferns, 

 299 (fig.), 300, 305, 306, 307 

 (fig.), 308; Fungi, 237 (fig.), 

 238, 240 (fig.), 245, 246 (fig.), 

 248, 249 (fig.), 253 ; Lycopo- 

 dium, 316 (fig.) ; Mosses, 286, 

 287 (fig.) ; Selaginella, 318 

 (fig.), 319. 



Sporogonium, 281 ; of Liverworts, 

 270 (fig.), 271 (fig.), 282-4 (fig.); 

 of Mosses, 274 (fig.), 275 

 (fig.), 284-7 (fig.). 



Sporophylls of, Angiosperms, 354, 

 356, 359 ; Conifers, 344-7 

 (figs.) ; Cycads, 323-5 (figs.) ; 

 Equisetum, 312, 313 (fig.) ; 

 Ferns, 308 (fig.) ; Lycopodium, 

 315, 316 (fig.) ; Selaginella, 317 

 (fig.), 318 (fig.). 



Sporophyte, 288, 289, 303, 321. 



Sports, 382. 



Spraying, 254. 



Spread of species, 392 (fig.). 



Spring-wood, of Conifers, 340, 341 

 (fig.) ; of Dicotyledons, 119 

 (fig.), 123 (fig.), 125. 



Spruce Fir (Picea excelsd), 63, 129, 

 350, 39i ; habit of, 334, 335 

 (fig.) ; leaf of, 343. 



Spurge (Euphorbia], laticiferous 

 cells of, 153, 154 (fig.), 155; 

 leaf of, no. 



Spurge-family (Euphorbiaceae), 153, 



157- 



Stability of herbaceous plants, 9, 87. 

 Stag's Horn Fungus (Xylaria], 



239 (fig-), 242. 

 Staining of sections, 404. 

 Stains, 405; for cellulose, 32; for 



lignified walls, 32 ; for sieve 



plates, 82 ; for starch 43. 



Stalk-cell (of Conifers), 351 (fig.). 

 Stamen, of Angiosperms, 354, 355, 



359-63 (figs.) ; of Conifers, 345, 



347 (fig-)- 

 Staphylococcus, 262 ; 5. aureus 263 



(fig-)- 



Starch, 13, 40-44 ; economic im- 

 portance of, 43, 53 ; hydroly- 

 sis of, 46, 53 ; reactions of, 8, 

 4i. 



Starch-grains, 40-43 (figs.), 66 (fig.), 

 67 (fig.), 9 6 ; and pyrenoids, 7 

 (fig.), 8, 181, 207 ; centric, 42 

 (fig.) ; compound, 42 (fig.), 

 43 ; development of, 41, 42 

 (fig.), 43 ; excentric, 41, 42 

 (fig.) ; in secondary wood, 

 124 ; stains for, 43 ; transi- 

 tory, 6 (fig.), 40, 41, 42 (fig.) ; 

 under polarised light, 43. 



Starch-grains of, Cereals, 43 ; Legu- 

 minosae, 42 (fig.) ; Oat (Avena), 

 43 ; Pellionia, 41, 42 (fig.) ; 

 Potato (Solanum), 41, 42 (fig.), 

 43 ; Rice (Oryza), 42 (fig.), 43 ; 

 root-cap, 74 ; Spurge (Euphor- 

 bia), 154, 155; starch-sheath 

 77, 80 (fig.). 



Starch-sheath, 78, 79, 80 (fig.), iiS 



(fig.). 



Starch-solution, 43, 46. 



Starwort, Water (Callitriche) , ana- 

 tomy of, 175-7 (fig 3 -)- 



Staurastrum, 209 (fig.). 



Stele of, Angiosperms, 78, 84 ; 

 Ferns, 290 (fig.), 292-5 (figs.) ; 

 Lycopodiales, 315, 317. 



Stellaria, 363. 



Stellate hairs, 102 (fig.), 103. 



Stem, anatomy of unthickened, 

 76-88 (figs.); anomalous 

 secondary thickening of, 132, 

 133 (fig.) ; assimilatory , 162 

 (fig.), 167, 178, 310; connection 

 with leaf, 114 (fig.), 294 (fig.), 

 295 ; cork-formation in, 135- 

 42 (figs.) ; epidermis of, 76, 

 93 ; growing point of, 16, 18 

 (fig.), 19 (fig.) ; lateral branch- 

 ing of, 72 ; relation of structure 

 and function, 87, 88 ; second- 

 ary thickening of, 117-27 

 (figs.) ; succulent, 167 ; transi- 

 tion from root to, 89 (fig.). 



Stem of, Calamites, 310, 311; 

 Conifers, 334, 335 : Cycads, 

 322, 323 ; Equisetum, 310, 311 

 (fig.) ; Ferns, 289, 290 (fig.) ; 



