170 VERTEBRATA. MAMMALIA. 



Elephant (E. Africanus) having but three on each 

 hind foot, while the Indian (E. Indicus) has four. 

 In a paper, however, communicated to the Zoologi- 

 cal Society, " on the Mammalia of Nepal," Mr. 

 Hodgson suggests, that there are two varieties, or 

 perhaps rather species, of the Indian Elephant, the 

 Ceylonese, and that of the Saul Forest. The Cey- 

 lonese has a smaller lighter head, which is carried 

 more elevated ; it has also higher fore-quarters. The 

 Elephant of the Saul Forest has sometimes five 

 nails on its hinder feet.* 



The sagacity and intelligence of the Elephant ap- 

 pear to be of a very high order, scarcely, if at all, 

 inferior to those of the Dog ; and its docility is per- 

 haps unequalled, considering that as it never breeds 

 in captivity, every tame individual has been personally 

 reclaimed from its savage freedom. Both species 

 were trained to be the faithful and obedient ser- 

 vants of man in very early times, being extensively 

 used in both the Indian and Carthaginian wars : in 

 the East it is still the most useful and powerful 

 beast of burden, but the subjugation of the African 

 species appears to have ceased with the fall of 

 " Rome's hated rival." The place which the former 

 fills in the transport of army baggage, in the chase 

 of the more fierce and powerful Cats, and in the bar- 

 baric pomp and magnificence of Eastern courts, is 

 well-known. With its habits in the semi-freedom 

 of Indian service, and in the unnatural captivity of 

 our menageries, we are equally familiar; and no 

 * Proc. Zool. Soc. 1834, p. 98. 



