Victory of the "Rocket" Locomotive 



a large surface to the fire, " he constructed the 

 boiler of a number of small perpendicular tubes 

 "opening into a common reservoir at the top." 

 In 1823 W. H. James contrived a boiler com- 

 posed of a series of annular wrought-iron tubes, 

 placed side by side and bolted together, so as to 

 form by their union a long cylindrical boiler, in 

 the centre of which, at the end, the fireplace was 

 situated. The fire played round the tubes, which 

 contained the water. In 1826 James Neville 

 took out a patent for a boiler with vertical tubes 

 surrounded by the water, through which the 

 heated air of the furnace passed, explaining also 

 in his specification that the tubes might be hori- 

 zontal or inclined, according to circumstances. 

 Mr. Goldsworthy, the persevering adaptor of 

 steam-carriages to travelling on common roads, 

 applied the tubular principle in the boiler of his 

 engine, in which the steam was generated within 

 the tubes; while the boiler invented by Messrs. 

 Summer and Ogle for their turnpike-road steam- 

 carriage consisted of a series of tubes placed 

 vertically over the furnace, through which the 

 heated air passed before reaching the chimney. 

 About the same time George Stephenson was 

 trying the effect of introducing small tubes in the 

 boilers of his locomotives, with the object of in- 

 creasing their evaporative power. Thus, in 1829, 

 he sent to France two engines constructed at 

 the Newcastle works for the Lyons and St. 

 Etienne Railway, in the boilers of which tubes 

 were placed containing water. The heating sur- 

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