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sensation. For getting rid of waste products. For adornment. 

 For regulation of temperature, with prevention of undue loss or 

 gain of heat. 



Passive resistance to injury (like an armour, like soft 



padding). 

 Plants. 



By own tissues or secretion from them. 



Examples in taxonomic order (epidermis, cuticle, bark, &c.). 



Animals. 



By own tissues or secretion from them. 

 Examples in taxonomic order (shells, epidermis, &c.). 



By adventitious bodies which may also serve for concealment. 

 Examples in taxonomic order (case of Caddis larva, &c.). 



Offensive resistance to injury, also sometimes used for 



attack (by spines, horns, &c.). 

 Plants. 



Examples in taxonomic order. 



Animals. 



Examples in taxonomic order. 



Protection against undue loss or gain of heat, and 



sometimes against injury. 

 Animals. 



By hair, feathers. 



By fat (also is a storehouse of food and calorific matter, and 

 Its low specific gravity makes the body buoyant in water). 

 Examples of both taxonomically arranged. 



