XXXV 



When the food in part consists of solid or non-diffusible 

 matter, the solids have to be dissolved and the proteids have to 

 1)6 made diffusible by being turned into peptones ; the fats have 

 to be emulsified or saponified ; and the starch turned into sugars 

 before absorption can take place. This change is effected in 

 special chambers or parts, and constitutes the act of digestion. 



Plants. 



Examples. By folded leaf : Drosera, Pinguicula. 



By pitchers : Nepenthes, Cephalotus, Utricnlaria. 

 Animals. 



The entire alimentary canal, with its glands and mouth- 

 appendages. 



Invertebrata. 

 Taxonomically arranged. 

 Vertebrata. 



Mouth-organs : used for prehension, mastication, insalivation, 

 and deglutination. 



(Esophagus and Stomach. 



Liver and Pancreas. 



Small Intestine. 



Large Intestine, Osecum, and Rectum. 



In each case the nature of the food to be stated. In many 

 specimens, parts other than those specified in the sub-group may 

 be shown. 



K. 



NUTRIENT FLUIDS, AND ORGANS THAT PREPARE 



THEM. 



(Including " Ductless Glands.") 



Sap ; Blood ; Lymph ; Bood and Lymph elaborating organs. 



Plants. 



The sap of plants is a structureless fluid, found in the cell- 

 walls and intercellular spaces (ordinary sap), or in tb^ interior 

 of the cells (cell-sap). It consists of water chiefly absorbed by 



