138 PHYSIOLOGICAL SERIES. 



and capital letters). 1. Pubo-ischio tibialis : a large sheet 

 that corresponds to the pubo-ischio-tibialis of the Lizard. 

 L*. Caudali pubo-ischio-tibialis ; where this muscle unites 

 with the pubo-ischio-tibialis there is a slight tendinous inter- 

 section ; it has been suggested that this may have some 

 relation to the intersection seen in the semitendinosus of 

 Man. 3. Ischio-flexorius. 4. Ischio-caudalis. 5. Pubo- 

 ischio -femora lis externus. G. Pubo-ischio -femoralis 

 interims. 7. Caudali femoris. 8. Ilio-extensorins, part i. ; 

 this muscle expands into a tendinous sheet over the knee, 

 and is continued as a fine tendon to the distal end 

 of the tibia between the femoro-tibialis (C) and femoro- 

 digiti i-v. (D). 8.* Ilio-extensorius, part ii. 9. llio- 

 femoro-fibularis (iliac head). 9.* Ilio-femoro-fibularis 

 (femoral head) : these two muscles roughly correspond 

 to the biceps. 10. llio-femoralis. A. Femoro-fibulae 

 digiti i-v. : a muscle that possibly represents gastro- 

 cnemius, soleus, plantaris, and flexor brevis digitorum. 

 B. Femoro-fibulse metatarsi l., II., in. C. Femoro- 

 tibialis. D. Femoro-digiti I v. E. Fibulas metatarsum n. 

 F. Femoro-fibularis. G. Tarsu-digiti I-v. 



De Man, Niederl. Arch. f. Zool., Bd. ii. 1874-75, p. 61. 



C. 177. Superficial muscles of the right hind-limb of a Lizard 

 (Varanus salvator}. The simple sheets of muscle seen in 

 the fish, and to a less extent in the Urodele, are here 

 broken up into numerous individual muscles, but traces of 

 their original continuity can be seen in the connexions that 

 occur, both between laterally contiguous muscles and those 

 of different segments of the limb. An excellent example 

 of this continuity is afforded by the gastrocnemius, which 

 passes over the heel as a flat tendon to form the point of 

 origin for the short flexors of the foot. The muscles, owing 

 to their generalized character, cannot be directly compared 

 with those of mammals, but they show many points of 

 resemblance to the Bird, the most noteworthy being the 

 presence of an accessory rectus femoris internus (ambiens), 

 a purely reptilian and avian muscle usually continued over 

 the knee to join one of the flexors of the shank, but here 

 inserted upon the crest of the tibia with the femoro-tibialis. 



