HIPPODAMIA. 



41 



All cases of the confluence of 1 and 3 are not inherited alike. In 

 matings of No. 421 ? and No. 427 ?, the confluence is the result of the over- 

 growth of 1 and 3. There is no mutual projection of the spots and they 

 are not confluent when the spots first appear in ontogeny. Such cases of 

 confluence are not inherited in kind, because, being only extreme fluc- 

 tuants, the offspring do not attain their magnitude, and therefore no con- 

 fluence results. In the cases of true confluence, again, there are two 

 kinds which are inherited differently. In one kind, typified by No. 351 ?, 

 spot 1 is small, so that the basal band tapers to it without an enlargement. 

 This is rather unstable and its inheritance has many of the irregularities 



TABLE 14. Pedigree table of a race of the variety quinquesignata. 



? x "lecontei' 



? x "quinquestgnaia" 



1 1 It 



convergens (4+5) "lecontei" 



9 1 



quinquesignata (\ + 3 -r 1 ) 



7 

 "lecontei' 



x 



I I 



21 15 5 



qnmquesi(?nata quinquesiynata quinquesignata quinquesi^nata 



X. 



3 

 quinquesignata 



of the preceding characteristics. In cases of the confluence of 1 and 3, 

 where there is heavy pigmentation with spot 1, showing as a conspicuous 

 enlargement, the variety quinquesignata (350?, 382?, 390$, and 422$), 

 the inheritance is unique, showing a high degree of stability and segrega- 

 tion. The results (table 15) are not inconsistent with the hypothesis of 

 dominance, but in 382? and 439?, where we have a transition to con- 

 fluence of 1 and 3, there are nonconformable results, so that even if there 

 be dominance here it is not firmly established. 



Explanation of Table 15. 

 The letters in the columns headed " Father " and < itlspring of" indie-ate that the individual was 



-- . L . . i . --A... 1 ill" 



preceding tables. 



F or M in the remaining columns places the father and mother, respectively, in the category 

 named at the head of the column. In other respects it was a typical //. conrergens. / indicates that 

 the siiv was used with a female that was probably already fecundated and hence was improbably the 

 lather. These series were included in order that their characteristics might be preserved for subsequent 

 families; but these were rarely obtained. 



The numbers under " Father' 1 and " Mother" are designations of the parents; in the remaining 

 columns they indicate the number of offspring in the several categories. 



* Indicates that information is lacking as to the character of the pronotal markings. 



(1) Pronotum of M modified by cold. Offspring emerged in autumn. 



(21 Spots -2 and 3 are larger in progeny than in parent, yet are smaller than normal. 



(3) The lisfht basal mark very prominent in M, normal in progeny. 



(4) In M, 4 is very near to .3. of 3 others subjected to cold 1 had 4 tr. ">. 



(5) In M, 1 + 3 became slightly confluent after several days. 



