62 



EVOLUTION IN COLOR-PATTERN OF THE LADY-BEETLES. 



The typical pattern is rare with us. Nearly all of our specimens in 

 North America are of the variety quinquenotata. The variety nugatoria 

 is common in the Western States, but not in the Eastern. Mulsant states 

 that it is found more often in the south of Europe than in the north. 

 Further knowledge of this distribution would be desirable. The extreme 

 of pigment reduction shown is the form A from Washington. This is in 

 good accord with the general belief that C. californica is a spotless deri- 

 vative of C. transversoguttata and favors the idea of their close relation- 

 ship. The variation in the pronotum is shown in fig. 55. 



W*tf*^ 

 -14 VI 



/ ff h 



FIG. 53. Offspring of 46.5 i 



FIG. 54. Variation of elytra! pattern of C. transrerxof/ut/nla. a, from Spokane, Washington; b toe, from 

 Kamloops, British Columbia; /, from Stony Lake, Michigan; .v, from Wollaston, Massachusetts. 



3059 a. Coccinella californica Manner-helm. 



Distribution: Pacific States. 



The small, yellowish basal area near the scutellar spot is present in 

 greater or less degree, the variation being continuous. The suture is pig- 

 mented ordinarily in California (see fig. 56), but in some cases approaches 

 variety nevadica. 



Var. nevadica Casey. 



The suture not pigmented back of the scutellar mark. Reno, Nevada. 

 Var. melanocollis n. var. 



Pronotum entirely black (fig. 57) ; 2 specimens from Berkeley. 



Two round white spots on the head found in this species and C. trans- 

 versoguttata make it not unlikely that it is a derivative of that species. 

 Unfortunately I was not able to make this cross. C. californica males 

 were mated with both C. monticola and novemnotata and found to be 

 intersterile. 



