A C A 10 



2. In medicine, the name of the expressed 

 Juice of the immature pods of the acacia 

 vera. It is brought chiefly from Egypt in 

 roundish masses, wrapped up in thin 



bladders. 3. In archtcoioi/y, a roll or bag 



on the medals of the Greek and Roman 

 emperors, supposed by some to represent 

 simply a handkerchief rolled up, with 

 which signals were given at the games: 

 by others it is said to be a roll of peti- 

 tions; others make it. a purple bag tilled 

 with earth, to remind the prince of his 

 mortality. 



ACA'CIANS, in church history, sects SO de- 

 nominated from, their leaders, Acacius, 

 bishop of Caesarea, and Acacius, patriarch 

 of Constantinople. Some of them main- 

 tained that the Son was only a similar, 

 not the same substance with the Father ; 

 others, that he was not only a distinct 

 but a dissimilar substance. 



ACA.DE'MIC, 1. pertaining to an academy, 

 college, or university, e. g. academic stu- 

 dies ; also what belongs to the school or 

 philosophy of Plato, e.g. the academic 



tect. 2. An academician (q. v.). 3. 



One who belonged to the school or ad- 

 hered to the philosophy of Socrates and 

 Plato. 



Plato, the founder of the academical 

 philosophy in Greece, taught that mat- 

 ter is eternal and infinite, but without 

 form, refractory, and tending to dis- 

 order, and that there is an intelligent 

 cause, the author of spiritual being, 

 and the material world. 

 ACADEMICIAN^ member of an academy, 

 or society for promoting arts and sciences, 

 particularly a member of the French aca- 

 demies ; also an academic philosopher; 

 an academist. 



ACA'DEM-J , Lat. academia, from a,xot^Y,- 

 ;*/; originally a garden or grove near 

 Athens, where Plato and his followers 

 held their philosophical conferences, and 

 ultimately, the sect of academic philo- 

 sophers. 



In the modern sense, a society of learned 

 men united for the promotion of the 

 arts and science in general, or of some 

 special department. Hence academies of 

 antiquity (for the illustration of whatever 

 regards archeology, as medals, coins, in- 

 scriptions, &C.), ecclesiastical, chirurgical, 

 and dancing academies ; academies of 

 belles-lettres, of languages, of painting, of 

 fnilpttire and architecture, &c. The first 

 modern school under this name was esta- 

 blished by Charlemagne, at the instance 

 of Alcuin, an English monk. Academy is 

 also applied with us for a kind of school 

 in whirh the elementary branches of edu- 

 cation are taught. 



AcDEV-v-rrocRE, a draught or design 

 naa>ie after a model with a crayon or 



AC A 



AC.E'N\. iheseneric name of aMexicM 

 shrub (A. elongata) of the class teiranilrif, 

 and order monogynia. Name /*<, a 

 prickle. 



AC.ENITVS, in entomology, a genus of 

 ichneomonide*. Latnille. 



ACALOT, a Mexican fowl resembling the 

 ibis; it is called by some the water-crow. 



ACA'LYCINE, L&t.acalyeimu, (u,, -without, 

 and zc&AvZ, a calyx}, without calyx or 

 flower-cup. 



ACA'LYPHA, from a.xtx.Ky,^, the nettle, 

 (urtica, Lin.). 1. A genus of plants of 16 

 species, some of which much resemble the 

 broad-leaved pellitory of the wall: class 



monoscia, order monadelphia. 2. A class 



of radiated animals (radiata animalia), 

 comprising zoophytes (zoophyta), which, 

 swim in the ocean, and in whose organi- 

 sation vessels can be recognised. These 

 are generally, however, "mere produc- 

 tions of the intestines excavated in the 

 parenchyma of the body." The acalyph.-e 

 are divided into two orders ; the A. tm- 

 plicia (simple A.), and the A. hydrostatica 

 (hydrostatic A.). The first swim by the 

 alternate contractions and dilatations of 

 their body, although their substance is 

 apparently without fibres. The hydro- 

 static A. have one or more bladders, filled 

 with air, by means of which they sustain 

 themselves in their liquid element. 



ACAMACU, the local name of the Bra- 

 zilian fly-catcher, or todus (q. v.). 

 ACA'MPSY, Lat. aca?npsia, from , not, and 

 to bend. The same with An- 



chylosis (q. v.}. 



ACAJJA'CE^E, a class of plants 5n some 

 systems of botany, including all those 

 which are prickly, and bear their flowers 

 and seeds on a kind of head ; name, from 

 oc.xtx.vos, a prickly shrub. 



ACANA'CEOUS, armed with prickles; be- 

 longing to the class of plants called 

 acanaceee. 



ACANCIS, in Turkish military affairs, " a 

 kind of light-armed horse." 



ACA'NOS, from O.XKVIS, a spine. The 

 onopordhim (q.v.). 



ACA'NTHA, from xxctvQtx,, a thorn. In 

 botany, a thorn. In zoology, the spine of a 

 prickly fin of a fish ; also an acute process 

 of the vertebra. In anatomy, the spina 

 dorsi. 



ACAXTHA'BOLCS, from ac.xa.v9it, a thorn, 

 and /2aAA, to throw out. In stmjery, a 

 kind of forceps for pulling thorns, &c. 

 from the skin. 



ACA'NTHIA, in entomology, a gcnns of 

 hemipterous insects; form oval, with a 

 spinous thorax, and ciliated abdomen. 

 Found chiefly on the banks of river* 

 Name anciently given to a sperte of 

 grassnopper found near the city of Mw- 



