ADU 



31 



AD V 



flory, from the humble aspect of this little 

 flower. There is only one species, the 

 A. moschateliina, so called from its smell- 

 ing like musk. It is also known by the 

 name of bastard fumitory; grows in shady 

 places. 



AD rON-ncs OMNIUM, literally, " to the 

 weight of the whole." These words after 

 the name of any ingredient, in a medical 

 prescription, signify that the weight of 

 such ingredients is equal to that of all 

 the others put together. Lat. 



AD QUOD DAMNUM, literally, " to what 

 damage." The name of a writ issued 

 before certain liberties are granted, as, a 

 fair, market, &c., ordering the sheriff to 

 inquire what damage may be caused by 

 each grant. Lat. 



ADPRES'SED, Lat. adpresnu. Aprressed: 

 pressed close together ; applied to branches 

 or leaves, when they rise nearly parallel 

 to the stem, and are close to it, e. g. the 

 branches of the Genista tinctoria and 

 leaves of the Thlaspi campestris. 



ADRIFT, a nautical term denoting the 

 condition of a vessel broken from her 

 moorings. It is the participle of the Sax. 

 Terb adriftan, to drive. 



ADROGA'TIOS, a species of adoption 

 among the Romans, by which a person 

 was admitted to the relationship of a son, 

 derived from ad and rogo, to ask ; in refer- 

 ence to the questions put to the parties. 



ADSTRICTIOX, Lat. adstrictio, from 

 ttringo, to bind. In medicine, 1. The 

 action of an astringent. 2. Constipa- 

 tion 



Aoui,\'RiA,themoonstone of lapidaries : 

 a transparent white-coloured variety of 

 prismatic feldspar, with a silvery or 

 pearly opalescence. The finest crystals 

 are found at Adula, the summit of St. 

 Gothard. The sunstone of the lapidaries 

 is the Siberian variety of Adularia ; it is 

 of a yellowish colour, and numberless 

 golden specks appear distributed through- 

 out it. 



ADULT, Lat. adultus, grown to matu- 

 rity: oleo, to grow. Among civiliaiu, a 

 person upwards of 14 years of age. The 

 term is also applied to animals and plants 

 at a state of maturity. 



ADCLT'ERY, Lat. adulterivm , from ad and 

 niter, other. The crime of married per- 

 sons, whether husband or wife, who 

 violate their marriage vow by inconti- 

 nence. In Europe and America, adultery 

 is reckoned a private offence : none but 

 the husband being allowed to intermeddle; 

 and except in Scotland, though the hus- 

 band be guilty of adultery, the wife is not 

 allowed to prosecute him for the same. 

 In England adultery is a spiritual offence, 

 ar.d therefore the injured party can have 

 no other redress than to bring an action 

 of damages against the ndulteri-r r and to 

 divorce and strip the adulteress of her 



dower. Set DIVORCE. In scriptural Ian 

 ffuage, adultery is sometimes used for 

 idolatry, and at other times for any spe- 

 cies of unchastity. It is in this sense that 

 divines interpret the seventh command- 

 ment. 



AOULTERT, In church affairs, means the 

 thrusting a person into a bishoprick dur- 

 ing the life of the bishop. 



ADUMBRATION, umbra. In heraldrij, a 

 figure painted of the same colour as the 

 ground of the field, but darker. 



ADUS'TION, Lat. adustio, from ad and 

 uro, to burn. In surgery, the same with 

 cauterisation (q. v.) 



ADVA'NCE, from ad and van, the front. 

 In commerce, 1. To supply beforehand, to 



furnish on credit. 2. Additional price 



or profit on the prime cost of goods. 



3. Money paid before goods are delivered 

 upon consignment. This is usually from 

 a half to two-thirds of the value of the 

 goods consigned. 



ADVANCE-DITCH, ) In fortifications, that 



ADVANCE-MOAT, j drawn round the 

 glacis or esplanade of a place. 



ADVANCEMENT, in law, provision made 

 by a parent for a child, by gift of property, 

 during the parent's life, to which the 

 child would be entitled, as heir, after the 

 parent's death. 



AD'VENT, Lat. adrentus, from ad and 

 vetiio, to come. A ':oming: appropriately 

 the coming of the Saviour. It is intended 

 as a season of devotion, with reference to 

 the past and future coming of Christ, and 

 includes four sabbaths before Christmas, 

 beginning at St. Andrew's day, or on the 

 sabbath next before or after it according 

 to the day of the week on which the 25ti\ 

 of December falls. 



ADVENTITIOUS, Lat. adtentitius, extra- 

 ordinary. Added extrinsically, e. g. 

 among civilians, goods which are acquired 

 accidentally, are said to be adventitious. 

 The same is said of fossils, as shells, &c., 

 which are found embodied in other fossils. 

 Applied also to diseases which are not 

 hereditary or congenital; and in botany, 

 to anything which appears out of the 

 ordinary course of natuie. It is in speak- 

 ing of natural things, what abnormal is in 

 speaking of productions of art. 



ADVEN'TCRE, Vr. aventure. See ADVENT. 

 1. Among saiiort, something which a 

 seamen is permitted to carry aboard, with 

 a view to sell for profit. Seamen usually 



call this a veiUure. 2. A bill ofadrentiire 



is a M riling signed by a person who takes 

 goods on board of his ship, wholly at the 

 risk of the owner. 



ADVENTURER, one who ad ventures, e.g. 

 merchant-adventurers constituted a com- 

 pany, formed for the purpose of exploring 

 unknown regions, and opening up new 

 c:\aunelsof trade; called also 

 of aditiiturtrt. 



