ALL 



52 



ALL 



ing like three horses, ranged for draw- 

 ing the waggon represented by the four 



stars called Charles' Wain. 



AL'LIUM, garlic ; a genus of plants of the 

 class hexandria, and order monogynia. 

 There are upwards of 60 species, almost 

 all of which are hardy perennials. Eight 

 species are British. The A. porrum, or 

 leek, and the A. cepa, or onion, are perhaps 

 among the most useful of the species ; and 

 the A. Canadcnse, or Canada onion-tree, 

 which bears excellent eatable onions on 

 the top of the stalk, is perhaps the most 

 remarkable. Name latinized from Celtic 

 all, acrid. 



ALLOCA'T^ON, from Lat. ad and loco, to 

 place. The admission of an article of an 

 account, or the -allowance of an account, 

 in the English Exchequer. The certificate 

 of allowance of cost of taxation, granted 

 by the master or other officer of court, is 

 in practice termed an allocator. The writ 

 de allocatione facienda is directed to the 

 Lord Treasurer or Barons of the Exche- 

 quer, commanding them to allow an ac- 

 countant such sums as he shall lawfully 

 expend in the execution of his office. 



ALLOCHROITE, a variety of the dodeca- 

 hedral garnet. It is found massive, of a 

 green, brown, gray, or yellowish colour ; 

 lustre, glimmering. Name, from ,/Uf , 

 other, and %%oict, colour, expressive of 

 the changes of colour it undergoes before 

 the blow-pipe, by the action of which it 

 is finally converted into a fine black 

 enamel. 



ALLODIAL, pertaining to allodium (q. v.), 

 and opposed to feudal. 



ALLODIUM, freehold estate : land which 

 is the absolute property of the owner : 

 real estate held in absolute independence, 

 without being subject to any rent, service, 

 or acknowledgment to a superior : op- 

 posed to feud. In England there is no 

 allodial land, all land being held of the 

 sovereign : in the United States of Ame- 

 rica, most lands are allodial. The word 

 is probably latinised from Celtic attod, that 

 is, all, complete, and od, possession. 



ALLONGE, from Fr. allonger, to lengthen, 



to thrust. 1. A pass with a sword made 



by stepping forward and extending the 



arm. 2. A long rein when a horse is 



trotting in hand. 



ALLO'PATHY, Lat. allopathia of AX?, 

 other, and *a.6of, disorder. The effect 

 of a medicine which cures a diseased 

 action by inducing another : opposed to 

 homoeopathy. 



ALLOPHANE, a mineral of a blue, green, 

 or brown colour ; occurs massive, or in 

 imitative shapes. It is hard and brittle, 

 and gelatinizes in acids. Name, from 

 aXXo?, other, and <p&ii/aa, to appear. 



ALLOTMENT OF LANDS. Any piece of land 

 et apart for a special purpose is called aa 



allotment. Thus, when a cottage has 

 more land than suffices for a garden, it is 

 commonly called a cottage allotment. 



ALLOTRIOPHAGY, from et^Ktr^nts, extra- 

 neous ^things), and fetva, I eat. A desire 

 to eat what is improper for food, depraved 

 appetite : symptomatic of disease. 



ALLOWANCES. In selling goods, or in 

 paying duties upon them, certain deduc- 

 tions are made from their weights, depend- 

 ing on the nature of the packages in which 

 they are inclosed, and which are regulated 

 in most instances by the custom of mer- 

 chants, and the rules laid down by public 

 offices. These deductions are termed 

 allowances ; and are further distinguished 

 by the epithets Draft, Tare, Tre<,and Cloff, 

 which see in their places. 



ALLOY', from Fr. alloyer, to mix one 

 metal with another, perhaps from & la lot, 

 the proportions being regulated by law ; 

 but more probably from allier, to unite. 

 To alloy is to mix one metal with another 

 by fusing them together : the compound 

 formed is called an alloy. Formerly the 

 term was restricted to compounds formed 

 of gold and silver, with other metals of 

 inferior value, but it is now extended to 

 any compound of any two or more metals 

 whatever, except when one of the con- 

 stituents is mercury : the term amalgam 

 is then used to denote the compound. 

 Brass, bronze, and type metal are familiar 

 instances of alloys. When a metal of in- 

 ferior value is used to deteriorate another 

 metal, as gold, the inferior metal is some- 

 times distinguished as the alloy. Thus, 

 when gold is alloyed with copper, the 

 copper is called then/%, although strictly 

 the term is referable to the compound. 

 Thus our gold coin is an alloy, consisting 

 of 11 parts pure gold and one part copper ; 

 and our silver coin is likewise an alloy, 

 consisting of ll'l silver and 0'9 copper. 

 The silver alloy used for plate is the same 

 as that used for coin, and the purity is 

 guaranteed by the assay stamp of the 

 Goldsmiths' Company. To produce an 

 alloy of two metals, they must be fused 

 together. Alloy is sometimes written 

 allay. 



ALL-SAINTS, the first day of November, 

 called also All-hallows. 



ALL-SOULS, the second day of Novem- 

 ber, which is set apart by" the Romish 

 church, to supplicate for the souls of the 

 faithful deceased. 



ALLSPICE, a popular name of the Myrtus 

 pimenta, or more particularly the dried 

 berry of that tree, which has a spicy, 

 pungent, but agreeable aromatic taste. It 

 is a native of Jamaica, and is thence called 

 Jamaica pepper : similarly, the Chimo- 

 nanthus fragrant of Japan is called ttio 

 Japan allspice. 



ALLU'MED, Fr. allumit, lighted. In h* 



