ANA 



AUASTOMO'TIC, applied, 1. In anatomy, 

 to those branches of vessels which anas- 

 tomose with other vessels. 2. In medi- 

 cine, to medicines supposed to have the 

 power of opening the mouths of vessels 

 and promoting circulation, e. g. cathartics. 

 ANAS'TROUS, from a, without, and 

 ettrr%or, a star. Anastrous signs are the 12 

 portions of the ecliptic which the signs 

 anciently possessed (called duodecalemo- 

 ria), but which are now deserted by reason 

 of the precession of the equinoxes. 



ANATA'SE, from a.vaira.<rig , extension. 

 Pyramidal titanium-ore : a very pure 

 mineral oxide of titanium, called also 

 octohedrite and rutile. 



ANATH'EMA, ctiaOiftet, a placing behind. 

 A thing laid by as consecrated or devoted : 

 Hence, I. In heathen mythology, an offering 

 made to some deity and hung up in a 

 temple. 2. In church affairs, " excom- 

 munication with curses ;" hence denun- 

 ciation by ecclesiastical authority, accom- 

 panied by excommunication. A person 

 thus placed under the ban of the church 

 is here said to be anathematized. 



There are properly two kinds of an- 

 athemas, the judiciary and the abjura- 

 tory. The former is pronounced by a 

 council, bishops, &c.. the latter is the 

 act of a convert, who anathematizes 

 (denounces) the religion which he ab- 

 jures. 



ANA'TIDJE, the duck family of birds. 

 The genus anas is the type. 



ANATIF'A, the barnacle. A genus of 

 cuneiform multivalve shells, belonging to 

 the class cirrhopoda, of Cuvier; often 

 found adhering to rocks, piles, keels of 

 vessels, &c. There are many species. 

 Named from anas, a goose, and fero, to 

 bring forth, in allusion to the absurd 

 notion once entertained, that the " bar- 

 nacle-goose " was bred within tliese shells. 

 ANAT'OMY, from awzropiat ofcu/otrtfMiu, 

 to cut up. The dissection of organised 

 bodies, with a view to elucidate their 

 structure and functions ; also the science 

 which treats of the structure of organised 

 bodies, and which is learned by dissection. 

 Anatomy is distinguished into human and 

 comparative, the one treating of the struc- 

 ture of the human body , the other describ- 

 ing and comparing the structure of other 

 animals. The anatomy of the inferior ani- 

 mals is also sometimes called zootomy, and 

 that of vegetables phytotomy. The science 

 is also divided into general and descriptive. 

 The first teaches the structure and phy- 

 sical properties of the various tissues 

 which compose the body, without refer- 

 ence to the form or situation of the organs 

 in to whose composition they enter; while 

 descriptive anatomy takes cognizance or 



the shape, position, and connexion of the 

 parts. Whendissec 



i dissections are made for the 



68 ANC 



purposes of investigating the change* 

 induced in the structure of organs by 

 disease, the operations are called patho- 

 logical or morbid anatomy; with a view 

 to surgical operations, they constitute 

 surgical anatomy; for the purpose of 

 elucidating the functions of organs, 

 physiological anatomy; and finally, to ex- 

 hibit the plan on which the living frame 

 and its organs are developed, transcenden- 

 tal anatomy. The art of making models 

 of wax or of other materials to illustrate 

 the healthy or diseased structure of parts, 

 is sometimes termed artificial anatomy. 



ANAT'ROPOUS, from a.ia.r$vxu, to invert. 

 A term applied to a very common kind of 

 embryo, produced by one side of the ovule 

 growing upon itself, while the other re- 

 mains immoveable, till that part originally 

 next the apex is brought down to the 

 hilum, as exemplified in the apple. 



ANAXIMAN'DRIANS, the followers of 

 Anaximander, the most ancient of philo- 

 sophical atheists. They admitted of no- 

 thing in nature but matter. 



ANBAT'KEND, the name of a celebrated 

 book of the Brahmins, wherein the Indian 

 philosophy and religion are contained. 

 The word means literally, the cistern 

 wherein is the water of life. 



AN'CEPS, two-edged, having two sharp 

 edges : applied to the stems and leaves of 

 plants. 



AucHi'tors, <tryi\*3/, from eu, a goat, 

 and arvj,, the eye. Goat's-eye, a tumour 

 near the inner angle of the eye. Set 



JEGILOPS. 



ANCHOME^TS, a genus of adephagous 

 coleoptera, belonging to the Patellimani 

 ofLatreille. 



AN'CHOR, Lat. anchora, from ctyxv^x, 

 probably from vyxy, a hook. A hooked 

 iron instrument of considerable weight 

 and strength, for enabling a ship to lay 

 hold of the ground and fix itself in a cer- 

 tain situation by means of a rope, called 

 the cable. The arms which take hold of 

 the ground are technically called flukes ; 

 the cross-bar of wood is called the stock ; 

 the massy iron bar constituting the body 

 of the anchor is called the shank ; and the 

 flattened points of the nukes are called 

 palms. 



Anchors are of different sizes, and 

 have different names, according to the 

 purposes which they serve : as sheet, 

 best bower, small bower, spare, stream, 

 and kedge anchors. Ships of the first 

 class have usually seven anchors ; and 

 smaller vessels, as brigs and schooners, 

 three. The weight in cwts. of the 

 principal anchor, should be a twentieth, 

 of the number of tons burden, in ordi- 

 nary vessels. Thus, a vessel of 1000 tons 

 will require an anchor of 50 cwts. There- 

 are many nautical phrases connected 



