ANI 



into genera, and these are further divided 

 into species. The following familiar ex- 

 amples will illustrate the principal orders : 

 1. Bimana, two-handed, from bis, double, 

 and manus a hand. Of this order man is 

 the type and sole genus. 2. Quadrumana, 

 four-handed, from qvatnm-. four, and 

 manus. Apes, baboons, lemurcs, and the 

 loris tardigradus, are of this character. 

 3. Cheiroptera, from %ug, hand, and <fn*oy, 

 wing. These have their hands so modi- 

 fied, as to serve the office of wings. Of 

 this order the common bat may be consi- 

 dered the type. 4. Insectivora, from 

 insecta, insect, and two, I devour. Ani- 

 mals which live wholly or chiefly on in- 

 sects, as the hedgehog, shrew, mole, &c. 

 5. Plantigrade, from planta, the sole of 

 the foot, and gradior, I walk. These are 

 generally carnivorous animals, as the 

 bear, racoon, &c. 6. Digitigrade, from 

 digitus, the finger, or toe, and gradior ; so 

 called from walking on the extremities of 

 their digits, as the lion, wolf, dog, &c. 

 7. Amphibia, from af^fi, both, and /3/?, 

 life ; having the faculty of existing both 

 in water and on land, as the walrus, seal, 

 &c. 8. Marsupialia, from marsupium, a 

 pouch. The females of this order have a 

 bag, or pouch, underneath the belly, in 

 which they deposit their young after par- 

 turition, as the kangaroo and opossum. 

 9. Kodentia, from rodo, 1 gnaw, so called 

 from having two long incisors in each 

 jaw, and no canine teeth, as the squirrel, 

 rat, beaver, hare, &c. 10. Edentata, 

 from edentulus, toothless ; i. e. animals 

 without the front teeth, as the ai, unau, 

 armadillo, ant-eater, &c. 11. Pachyder- 

 mata, from !ra%{, thick, and Sig/Mi, 

 skin ; i. e. thick-skinned, as the rhino- 

 ceros, elephant, mammoth, horse, &c. 

 12. Ruminantia, from ruminatio, chew- 

 ing the cud, as the camel, deer, cow, 

 goat, sheep. 13. Cetaceae, from cetus, a 

 whale. To this order belong the dolphin, 

 whale, dugong, &c. 



SECOND CLASS. Aves, or Sirds.l. Ac- 

 cipitres, from accipiter, a hawk; such as 

 the vulture, eagle, hawk, &c. 2 Passeres, 

 from passer, a sparrow ; those which 

 neither manifest the violence of birds of 

 prey, nor the fixed resimen of terrestrial 

 birds, but feed indiscriminately on insects, 

 fruit, or grain, as the lark, thrush, swal- 

 low, crow, wren, &c. 3. Scansores, from 

 scando, I climb ; i. e. climbing birds, which 

 have the toes arranged in pairs ; two 

 before and two behind, as the parrot, 

 woodpecker, toucan. 4. Gallinae, from 

 gallina, a hen. This order is sometimes 

 called rasores, scratchers, being provided 

 with strong feet, and obtuse claws for 

 scratching up grains, as the peacock, 

 pheasant, pigeon, hen. 5. Grallae, from 

 stilts i. e. long-legged, as the 



1 ANI 



ostrich, stork, ibis, flamingo. 6. Palmi- 

 pedes, from palma, the palm of the hand, 

 andpes, foot; i. e. swimming birds, as 

 the swan, goose, pelican, gull, &c. 



THIRD CLASS. Reptiles. I. Chelonia, 

 from %tX-j?, a tortoise, including terra- 

 penes and turtles. 2 . Sauria , from arauj% , 

 a lizard, an order which have their 

 mouths well armed with teeth, and their 

 toes generally furnished with claws, as 

 the crocodile, alligator, cameleon, dragon, 

 &c. The most gigantic of this species 

 have been long extinct. 3. Ophidia.from 

 ix*i; t a serpent, as the boa, viper, &c. 



4. Batrachia, from (3cc.Tgct%os , a frog. To 

 this order belong the salamander, proteus, 

 &c. 



FOURTH CLASS. Fishes. 1. Chondropte- 

 rygii, from vSe?, gristle, and -rT{w|,the 

 ray of a fin : as the sturgeon, shark, lam- 

 prey, &c. 2. Plectognathi, from -rXtxca, 

 I join, and yv#ef, the jaw: as the sun- 

 fish, trunk-fish, &c. 3. Lophobranchi, 

 from XoQo; , a loop, and /Sjv^;a, the gills, 

 as the pipe-fish, pegasus, &c. 4. Malacop- 

 terygii, from (Jtat^oixo;, soft, and-rrjo|: 

 as the salmon, trout, cod, herring, &c. 



5. Acanthopterygii, from ctxatSu, a thorn , 

 and Tjy|: as the perch, sword-fish, 

 mackerel, &c. 



DIVISION II. Molluscous Animals. 

 1st Class. Cephalopoda, from xiq>ot>.vi, the 

 head, and ;r*g, feet, i. e. animals which 

 have their organs of motion arranged 

 round their heads. This class includes se- 

 pia, or cuttle-fish, argonauts, the nautilus, 

 ammonite, an extinct cephalopode which 

 inhabited a shell resembling that of the 

 nautilus, coiled like the horns of a ram, or 

 of the statues of Jupiter Ammon, whence 

 the name ; belemnites also extinct, of 

 which the shell was long, straight, and 

 conical; nummulites, likewise extinct: 

 whole chains of rocks are formed of its 

 shells, and the pyramids of Egypt are 

 built of these rocks : so called, from num - 

 mus, a coin. 2nd Class. Pteropoda, from 

 :TTgv, a wing, and sroSa, feet: those 

 having fins resembling wings on each side 

 of the mouth : the clio borealis, which 

 abounds in the north seas, and is the 

 principal food of the whale. 3rd Class. 

 Gasteropoda, from yoLtrne, the stomach, 

 and sraSa : animals which move by means 

 of a fleshy apparatus placed under the 

 belly . as the snail, slug, limpet. 4th Class. 

 Acephala, from a, without, and xtQaXr,, 

 head : as molluscous animals that have no 

 head, viz., the oyster, muscle. 5th Class. 

 Brachiopoda, from /Sja^/ai", arm, and 

 rotiet : animals which move by means of 

 processes resembling arms, as the lingula, 



