ANT 



ANTIMOXIC ACID, the sesquioxide of an- 

 timony {Sb 4- O 8 ). It combines with 

 alkalies in definite proportions, and forms 

 salts, which are called antimoniates. 



ANTIMONIOCS ACID, the deutoxide of 

 antimony (Sb 4- 0*), which combines in 

 definite proportions with alkalies, and 

 forms salts, called antimonites. 



AN'TIMONT, a metal but rarely found 

 native. It is usually combined with sul- 

 phur in the state of a sesquisulphuret, 

 vsually called crude antimony , while the 

 ..netal itself is called regulus of antimony. 

 The metal is of a bluish-white colour, 

 crystalline texture, and brittle. Sp. gr. 

 67 ; fuses at 810. At a high heat it ox- 

 idates rapidly, forming the white crystals 

 called argentine floicers of antimony. "With 

 tartaric acid it forms tartar-emetic. Among 

 oriental ladies, the powdered sulphuret 

 (properly sesquimlphuret, which is the 

 common ore of the metal), is used as a 

 paint for the eyelashes and eyebrows. 

 See ALCOHOL. It is extensively used as 

 an alloy, e. g. in type-metal, bell-metal, 

 Kritannia-metal, specula-metal, &c. Even 

 its fumes render gold brittle, which, with 

 other things, led the alchemists to assign 

 it a royal lineage, and call it by the title 

 of regulus, or the little king. 



The Latin name of antimony is sti- 

 bium; hence the chemical symbol Sb., 

 but the etymology of the modern name 

 is uncertain. The term antimonium is 

 low Latin, which some writers suppose 

 to have been formed from anti, and Fr. 

 moine, a monk, from the ludicrous story 

 related by Furetiere of Basil Valentine, 

 who appears to have been the dis- 

 coverer of the metal about 1620. He 

 was a monk, and practised as a physi- 

 cian. By way of experiment, he gave 

 some hogs a dose of some preparation 

 of the metal, and observed that after 

 they were well purged, they imme- 

 diately fattened. Imagining that the 

 effect on his brother-monks would be 

 the same, he administered to them a 

 similar dose. Unlike the hogs, the 

 monks, however, did not get fat they 

 died of the experiment. The substance 

 thenceforth obtained the name of anti- 

 tnoine, which is still the French name, 

 and may be translated antimonk. 

 ANTIN'OMIANS, a sect who maintain 

 that virtue and good works are unneces- 

 sary under the gospel dispensation that 

 faith is sufficient for salvation. Name 

 from , against, and f&ovot, law, the 

 law being of no use or obligation. 



AXTIX'OL-S, a figure inserted into the 

 consellation aquila, from Antinous, the 

 favourite youth of Adrian. 



ANTI'OCHIAX. The Antiochian sect or 

 academy was founded by Antiochus a 

 philosopher, contemporary with Cicero. 

 He attempted to reconcile the doctrines 



82 ANT 



of the different schools, but was really a 

 Stoic. Antiochian epoch, a method of 

 computing time from the proclamation of 

 liberty granted to the city of Antiuch, 

 about the time of the battle of Pharsalia. 



ANTIPAK'ALLEL, from anti and parallel, 

 opposite. Applied to lines which make 

 equal angles with other lines, but in a 

 contrary order ; also to lines running in 

 the opposite direction. 



ANTIP'ATHY, from ri, against, and 

 !T6of, an affection. In pathology , disgust 

 and horror at the presence of particular 

 objects, with great restlessness or faint- 

 ing ; e. g. the aversion of some persons to 

 cats, toads, vipers, &c. ; to the smell of 

 roses, the sound of music ; to the sight of 

 a drawn sword, as in James I., or the 

 rattling of a carriage along a bridge, a? 

 in Peter the Great, all of which depend 

 on some peculiar idiosyncrasy ; but in 

 what such idiosyncrasy consists is not 

 yet explained. In ethics, hatred (against 

 persons), aversion 'against things), re- 

 punsnancy (.against actions). In physia, 

 a contrariety in the properties of matter, 

 e. g. oil and water. 



AXTIPEHISTAL'TIC, from anti and peris- 

 taltic. Applied to an inverted action of 

 the intestines, by which their contents 

 are urged upwards: opposed to peristaltic. 



ANTIPHLOGISTIC, from anti and phlogis- 

 tic^ (q. v.), counteracting heat. A term ap- 

 plied to those means, whether medicinal 

 or regiminal, which tend to reduce inflam- 

 mation. 



ANTIPH'OXARY, a service book iii Cath- 

 olic churches, containing whatever is said 

 or sung in the choir, except the lessons : 

 called also a responsary. 



ANTIPH'ONY, from OC.VTI, opposite, and 

 vsj, sound. The answer made by one 

 choir to another, when the psalm or an- 

 them is sung between two. It sometimes 

 also denotes that species of psalmody 

 wherein the congregation, being divided 

 into two parts, repeat the psalm, verse 

 for verse, alternately; in contradistinc- 

 tion to symphony, where the whole con- 

 gregation sing together. In a more mo- 

 dern sense, antiphony denotes a kind of 

 composition made of several verses ex- 

 tracted out of different psalms, adapted 

 to express the mystery solemnized on the 

 occasion. 



AXTIPBAX'IA, av;ra<a, antipraxy. A 

 contrariety of action or affection in simi- 

 lar things, as spasm of the muscles of one 

 leg and paralysis of those of the other. 



ANTIPTO'SIS, avrifrrutrif- In grammar, 

 the putting of one case for another. 



Ax'xiarARY, from antiquarius, from an- 

 tiquus, oldest (quasi ab ante et ovum;. A 

 person who studies and searches after 

 monuments and remains of antiquity, 

 as old medals, books, statues, sculptures. 



