ANT ! 



and inscriptions, and in general whatever 

 may afford any light into antiquity. The 

 title has also been given to keepers of cabi- 

 nets of antiquities ; e. g. Henry VIII. gave 

 John Leland the title of his Antiquary. 

 The monks who were employed in making 

 new copies of old books, before the art of 

 printing, were also called Antiquarii. 

 Under the reign of George II., the Royal 

 Society of Antiquaries, in London, was 

 founded. 



AN T i Q c A TED , grown old. In conchology, 

 " longitudinally furrowed, but interrupted 

 by transverse furrows, as if the shell had 

 acquired new growth at each furrow." 



AX'TIQUE, from antiques, first. Gene- 

 rally, something that is very old ; but the 

 term is chiefly used by sculptors, painters, 

 and architects, to denote such pieces of 

 their different arts as were made by the 

 ancient Greeks and Romans ; e. g. antique 

 busts, antique vases, &c. Works of art 

 dated after the sixth century are ancient, 

 but not antique. 



ANTIQ'CITI, ancient times : Lat. anti- 

 qititas (v. supra , from the root ante, 

 before. The term is generally used in 

 the plural antiquities, comprehending all 

 that remains of ancient times, e. g. monu- 

 ments, coins, inscriptions, edifices, litera- 

 ture, offices, habiliments, weapons, man- 

 ners, ceremonies. Scholars, however, 

 distinguish between antiquities &ndarch<s- 

 ology : the former relating to the middle 

 ages, the latter to ancient Greece and 

 Kome. 



ANTIRRHI'NEJE, a small division of 

 plants in the natural system. Type, the 

 Antirrhinum (snapdragon) of Limueus. 

 See AXTIRRHIXVM. 



ANTIRRHI'NCM, the generic name of the 

 plant snapdragon, or calves' -snout, of which 

 fluellen, or female speedwell, and toad- 

 flax, are species. DidynamiaAngiosper- 

 mia. Name, etv-ri^ivot, from >*< and 

 gjy, the nose, in allusion to the resem- 

 blance of the flower to the nose of a calf. 



AN'TISABBATA/RIANS, a sect who oppose 

 the observance of the Christian Sabbath : 

 hence the name, from anti and Sabbath. 



ANTIS'CIAXS, Lat. Antiscii, from ctt-ri, 

 opposite, and exia., a shadow. Those in- 

 habitants of the earth, who, living on 

 opposite sides of the equator, their sha- 

 dows at noon are thrown in contrary 

 directions ; and from this circumstance 

 the epithet is applied. 



ANTISEP'TIC, from Vr), against, and 

 <rr.To;, putrid. A term applied to such 

 substances as have the power of prevent- 

 ing animal and vegetable substances from 

 passing into a state of putrefaction, and 

 of obviating putrefaction when already 

 begun; as culinary salt, nitre, spices, and 

 ugar. The term is also applied by phy- 

 iicians to medicines used to correct the 



J ANT 



tendency to putrescency, which is sup- 

 posed to exist in the fluids of the bodv, in 

 certain malignant diseases. Thus, cin 

 chona, alcohol, camphor, and some other 

 substances, are named antiseptics. 



ANTISP*SIS, from ctyri, against, and 

 vraAi, to draw. In pathology, a revul- 

 sion of the humours from one part of the 

 body to another. 



Ax'TiSPAsxo'Dic.from eivrt, against, and 

 ff^ac-uc;, a spasm. An antispasmodic 

 medicine properly means one which has 

 the power of allaying spasms of the mus- 

 cles ; the term, however, is usually ex- 

 tended to those medicines which allay 

 severe pain, from any cause unconnected 

 with inflammation ; and hence it is not 

 easy to draw the line between anti- 

 spasmodics and narcotics. 



AXTIS'TASIS, etvrnrrewtf. The defence 

 of an action, founded on the consideration 

 that, if It had been omitted, worse would 

 have ensued : called by Latin writers 

 comparatirttm argurne-ntum. 



AUTISTO'CHEON, clTi<rrvi%t~or. In 

 gratnmar, th* using of one letter instead 

 of another, as olli for iUi. 



ANTISTRAGUS, in anatomy, the process 

 of the external ear opposite (anti) the 

 tragus (.q.v.), and behind the meatus au- 

 ditorius, or ear-passage. 



ANTISTRO'PHE, j from oLvri, opposite. 



AjixisTRo'pHT, ) and ffr^u, to turn. 

 Reciprocal conversion. In grammar, a 

 figure by which two things, mutually de- 

 pending upon each other, are reciprocally 

 converted ; e. g. the master of the servant, 

 the servant of the master. In lyric poetry , 

 that part of a song and dance, in use 

 among the ancients, which was performed 

 before the altar, in turning from east to 

 west ; in opposition to strophe. See ODE. 

 STROPHE. 



ANTITHESIS, avrtOtnt, of dyn and 

 Sun; . In rhetoric, an opposition of words, 

 or sentiments, as, 



" Liberty mth laws, and government tcitk- 

 out oppression." 



ANTIT'RAGL-S, Lat. from anti and tragv.s. 

 An eminence on the outer ear, opposite 

 the tragus. 



Ax'TiTRiNiTA'RiAM,from ant i and trti- 

 tarian. One who denies the existence of 

 three persons in the Godhead ; opposed to 

 trinitarian. The antitrinitarians of mo- 

 dern times are understood to be the Soci- 

 nians, otherwise called Unitarians. 



AN'TITYPE, from etvrt and rmtf, type, 

 or pattern. A figure corresponding to 

 some other ficrure, type, or pattern. The 

 term is chiefly used by theologians ; but 

 it may be understood to mean generally 

 anything formed according to a model, 01 

 pattern. In the Greek litur<ry, the u:ra- 

 iticnt.il bread and wine are callea anii- 

 G 2 



