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APA 



tvpe. meaning thereby similitudes, in a 

 theological sense. 



AXTIT'ROPAL, Gr. from aJyrv> against, 

 and TJETE/V, to turn. A term in botany, 

 used when in a seed the radicle of the 

 embryo is turned to the end farthest away 

 from the hilum, which, indeed, is the 

 normal position, if the development of an 

 ovule be rightly understood. 



ANTIZYM'IC, from dvrt and gut&eei, to 

 ferment. Applied to whatever prevents 

 fermentation. 



AX'TLIA, an ancient machine, supposed 

 to be the same with our pump ; called by 

 the Greeks xvrXtov, from Stvr^u, to draw 

 water. In astronomy, the Antlia pneuma- 

 tica,or pneumatic pump, is anew asterism 

 formed byDe la Caille, out of a few stars, 

 between Hydra and Argo Xavis. In 

 entomology, the oral instrument of Lepi- 

 dopterous insects, in which the ordinary 

 trophi.or instruments of manducation are 

 replaced by a spiral, bipartite, tubular 

 apparatus, and appendages for suction. 



ANTOsiAx'DRiAxs,asect of rigid Luther- 

 ans are so denominated, because they 

 opposed the doctrines of Osiander. 



AS'TRCM, Lat. a cave, from a>T;. 

 This term is applied by anatomists to 

 many cavities, but especially the maxil- 

 lary sinus, situated above the molar teeth 

 of the upper jaw. The term was formerly 

 used by botanists to denote such hollow 

 fruits as the apple. 



AxTRrs'Tioxs. In history, a class of 

 people among the Franks, who were the 

 personal vassals of the kings and counts. 

 The word seems to be formed from the 

 same root as our word trust. 



ASU'EIS, a symbolical deity of the 

 F.ffyptians, regarded as a faithful compa- 

 nion of Osiris "and Isis. He had temples 

 and priests consecrated to him, but was 

 only an ugly dog after all. 



A'jjrs, Lat. the termination of the 

 rectum. In conchoJogy, a depression of the 

 posterior side near the hinge of bivalves. 

 In botany, the posterior opening of a mo- 

 nopetalous flower. In entomology , the last 

 two segments of the abdomen. 



AN'VIL, a mass of iron, having a smooth 

 and nearly flat top surface of steel, upon 

 which blacksmiths, and various other 

 artificers, forge metals with the hammer. 

 Blacksmiths "place their anvils upon a 

 wooden block ; but cutlers and file-makers 

 fasten theirs to a large block of stone. 

 The old English name is antelt, from on 

 and ' build fBelg.) to shape ; hence, on- 

 build, anbeeld, anvelt. anvilt, anvil, that on 

 which things are shaped. 



ANXIETY, anrietas. In medical language, 

 this term is applied to a painful restless- 

 ness and inquietude, usually accompanied 

 with a sense of weight in the precordial 

 region. 



AO'NI AX , pertaining to Aonia, in Boeotia. 

 The Aonian font was Aganippe, at the 

 bottom of Mount Helicon, near Thebes, 

 and sacred to the Muses, which were 

 therefore called Aonides. 



A'ORIST, from xotitrref, indefinite. In 

 grammar, a tense peculiar to the Greek 

 lansuage. expressing action in an inde- 

 terminate manner, without regard to past, 

 present or future. 



AOR'TA, from aajr*;, an ark, or chest. 

 The principal trunk of the arterial system, 

 called also the magna arteria. It proceeds 

 from the left ventricle of the heart, and 

 gives, either mediately or immediately, 

 to all the other arteries, except the pul- 

 monary. In mammalia and in birds , it is 

 single ; in most reptiles, and in cephalo- 

 pods, double ; and triple in crustaeeous. 



AOC'TA, the paper-mulberry tree (broits- 

 sonetia papyri/era). It is found in Japan 

 and Otaheite. 



APAG'OGE, \ from otV9, from, and a.'ytu, 



Ar-AG'ooY, .' to drive. 1. In logic, a kind 

 of argument wherein the greater extreme 

 is evidently contained in the medium, but 

 the medium not so evidently in the lesser 

 extreme, as not to require further proof. 

 2. In mathematics, a passage from one 

 proportion to another, when the first, 

 having been demonstrated, is employed 



in proving others. 3. In the Athenian 



law, the carrying of a criminal taken in 

 the act, to a magistrate ; or when this was 

 impracticable, taking the magistrate to 

 the criminal. 



APAGOG'ICAL (See APOGOGE). An apo- 

 gogical demonstration is an indirect proof, 

 which consists in showing the absurdity 

 of the contrary, 



APAG'YNOCS, Gr. from iTos, once, an.l 

 yvvvi, a female. A term applied to plants 

 that fructify only once, and perish imme- 

 diately after they flower. 



Ap'ALrs, a Linnrean genus of coleop- 

 terous insects. 



AP'ANAGE, an allowance to younger 

 branches of a sovereign family out of the 

 revenues of the country. In ordinary 

 cases, it descends to the children of the 

 prince who enjoys it. 



APAN'THROPY, from <e,neg, and a,v8e&nre;. 

 man. A species of melancholy character- 

 ised by a dislike of society. 



APAHITH'MESIS (a.va.^^ffti}- Jn rhe ~ 

 toric, an answer to a protesis. 



AP'ATHY, from , neg, and -ratios , affec- 

 tion. In the Stoic philosophy, an utter 

 privation of passion, and an insensibility 

 to pain, which was regarded as the highest 

 wisdom. In medicine, a morbid suspen- 

 sion of the natural passions and feelings. 



AP'ATITE, a native phosphate of lime, 

 constituting a genus of brittle minerals; 

 green, blue, red, brown, and yellow 





