APP i 



Is applied to practitioners in medicine 

 who deal also in drugs. The apothecaries 

 of old times were allied with the grocers ; 

 but having separated from them, they 

 were incorporated by a charter from 

 James I. 



APOTHE'OSIS. In archtnology , a ceremony 

 whereby emperors and great men were 

 ranked among the gods, which was fol- 

 lowed by the erection of temples and the 

 institution of sacrifices to the new deity. 

 From cvxo and Stos , God. 



AFOT'OME, from etcronuvca, to cut off. 

 1. In mathematics, the difference between 

 two incommensurable quantities, or an 

 irrational remainder, as AB; M'hen from 



i I 4 



a rational line, AC, is cut off a rational 

 part,BC, only commensurable in power 



with the whole line AC. 2. In music, 



the difference between a greater and lesser 

 semitone, expressed by the ratio 128 : 125. 

 APPANAGE, lands appropriated by the 

 sovereign to the younger sons of the fa- 

 mily as their patrimony, the reversion 

 being reserved to the crown on failure 

 of male heirs. The term is derived from 

 the panage , patuujium of the middle ages, 

 frornpanis, bread, provision. 



APPARA'TUS, Lat. from apparo, to pre- 

 pare. Things provided as a means to an 

 nd, as the tools of an artisan ; but in a 

 rictly technical sense, the instruments 

 utensils for performing an operation. 

 2. In surgery, certain methods of per- 

 orming operations ; as A. major and A. 

 minor, which are particular methods of 

 operating for the stone. 3. In physio- 

 logy, a catenation of organs all ministering 

 to the same function; as the respiratory 

 apparatus, the digestive apparatus. 



APPA'REN T, from ad andpareo, to appear. 

 Visible; appearing to the eye. 1. In ma- 

 thematics and astronomy, this term is ap- 

 plied to things as they appear to us, in 

 contradistinction to real or true; as the 

 apparent diameter, distance, and motion 

 of the sun. Conjunctions are said to be 

 apparent when the bodies appear to be 

 placed in the same right line with the 

 eye; e.g. when a right line, supposed to 

 be drawn through the centres of two 

 planets, passes through the eye of the 

 spectator, the conjunction is only ap- 

 parent; but if the same right line pass, 

 not through the eye, but through the 

 centre of the earth, the conjunction is 

 then real. The apparent diameter or mag- 

 nitude of an object is the angle which it 

 subtends at the bottom of the eye ; and 

 ?his diminishes as the distance increases, 

 v -Ha*- a small object at a small distance 

 may have the same apparent diameter as 

 a larger object at a greater distance : the 



> APP 



condition to be tlfilled is, that they sub- 

 tend equal angles at the eye. The ap- 

 parent figure of an object is the form under 

 which it appears when viewed at a dis- 

 tance ; thus, the apparent figure of a 

 straight line maybe a point; of a surface, 

 a line; and of a solid, a surface. An 

 object may have apparent motion when 

 it is really at rest (at least, relatively 

 speaking) ; as in the case of an observer 

 moving in one direction, any remote 

 object at rest will appear to move in 

 a parallel line in the contrary way. 

 The apparent motions of distant objects 

 are also very different from the real 

 motions, these being only perceptible 

 from the mutation of the angle at the 

 eye. The apparent place of an object 

 differs from the true place in proportion 

 to its distance and the refracting power 

 of the medium through which it is ob- 

 served. See TIME and HORIZON. 2 In 



late, an apparent heir is one whose right 

 is indefeasible, provided he outlives his 

 ancestor, as the eldest son or his issue : 

 in distinction to an heir presumptive, 

 whose right of inheritance may be de- 

 feated by the contingency of some nearer 

 heir being born. 



APPARITION, from apparitio. an appear- 

 ance. In astronotny, the becoming visible 

 of a star, &c., which before was hid: op- 

 posed to occupation. 



APFA'RITOR, Lat. from appareo, to at- 

 tend. Among the Romans, any officer 

 who attended the magistrates and judges 

 to execute their orders. In England, an 

 officer who serves the process of a civil 

 court; also a beadle in the universities 

 who carries^he mace. 



APPAU'MEE, in heraldry, denotes that 

 the hand is extended with the full palm 

 appearing, and the thumb and fingers at 

 full length. 



APPE'AL, from Lat. appello, to drive or 

 send. In law, to call or remove a cause 

 from an inferior to a superior court ; also 

 to institute a criminal prosecution for 

 some heinous offence ; e. g to appeal a 

 person of felony. Substantii-ely, the re- 

 moval of a cause or suit from an inferior 

 to a superior tribunal; also a process in- 

 stituted by a private person against an- 

 othei person for some heinous crime by 

 which he has been injured, as for murder, 

 larceny, mayhem. The process was an- 

 ciently given to private persons to recover 

 the waregild, or private pecuniary satisfac - 

 tion for an injury received in the murder 

 of relations, or other personal affront. 



APPEAR'ANCE, from appear of Lat. ad 

 and pareo. 1. In perspective, the represen- 

 tation or projection of a figure upon the 



perspective plane. 2. In optics, the 



view of an object by direct rays, without 

 either reflection or refraction, is termed 

 direct appearance. 9. In astrottt my, &c.j 



