A PP 



prtndrt, to learn. One who is bound by 

 indenture to serve a tradesman or arti- 

 ficer, or company of such, a certain time, 

 upon condition that the master instructs, 

 or causes him to be instructed, in his an, 

 business, or profession. The term for 

 which the apprentice is bound is called 

 his apprenticeship, and varies in different 

 businesses from three to seven years. In 

 old Imo books, barristers are called appren- 

 ticii ad let/em , and their technical appren- 

 ticeship lasted sixteen years, after which 

 they might take the name of Serjeants, 

 servientes ad legem. 



APPRES'SED, | Lat. appressiis. In botany, 



APPRES'T, ) applied to leaves pressed 

 to the stem ; also to peduncles. 



APPROA'CH, from ad and Fr. proche,near. 

 1. In military language, both the advances 

 of an army, and the works thrown up by 

 besiegers to protect themselves in their 



advances, are called approaches. 2. In 



gardening, when a scion of one tree is 

 grafted into another without cutting it 

 from its parent stock, it is said to be in- 

 grafted by approach. See INGRAFTING. 



3. In geometry, the curve of approach is 

 defined by this property that a heavy 

 body descending along it by the force 

 of gravity, makes equal approaches to 

 the" horizon in equal times. 



APPROPRIATION, from Lat. ad and pro- 

 prius, private. In law, the sequestering of 

 a benefice to the perpetual use of a spiri- 

 tual corporation sole or aggregate. 



APPRO'VE, from ad and prove, proof. 

 In laic, when a person indicted of felony 

 or treason, and arraigned, confesses 

 the fact before the plea is pleaded, and 

 appeals (aectmt) his accomplices of the 

 same crime to obtain his pardon, this con- 

 fession and accusation are called approve- 

 ment, and the person an approver, because 

 he must approve (adduce sufficient proof) 

 to- what he alleges In his appeal. 



APPROXIMATE, in zoology, when the 

 teeth are so arranged in the jaws that 

 there is no intervening vacancy. 



APPROXIMATION, from Lat. ad andpror- 

 iii(s, next. In mathematics, a continual 

 approach to a quantity required, where 

 no process is known for arriving at it ex- 

 actly : this is the case in all rules for find- 

 ing the square or cube root of a number 

 which is not an exact square or cube. 



Ap'pui,in the manige,tiie stay upon the 

 horseman's hand, or the reciprocal sense 

 between the horse's mouth and the bri- 

 dle hand ; or the sensibility of the horse 

 to the action of the bridle. 



APPC'LSE, Lat. appulsus. The act of 

 striking against. In astronomy, the ap- 

 proach of a planet to a conjunction with 

 the sun or a star. 



APPL-R'TE.NANCE, an appendage or ad- 

 junct. Fr. appartenance. Appropriately, 

 uch buildings, rights, and improvements 



9'J A t* S 



as belong to land are called apjwrtcnancet. 

 Common ajrpnrtenant is that which is an- 

 nexed to laud, and can be claimed only by 

 prescription or immemorial usase, on a 

 legal presumption of a special grant. 



AP'RICOT, the fruit of the Primus Arme- 

 niacsi, which grows wild in many parts of 

 Armenia, and was introduced into Eng- 

 land about the middle of the 16th century. 

 Apricot-trees are chiefly raised against 

 walls, and are propagated by grafting 

 upon plum-tree stocks. Old orthography, 

 apricock, Fr. abrixt. 



A'PRIL, the fourth month of the year. 

 Lat. Aprilis, from aperio, to open, in allu- 

 sion to the season, which is truly the 

 spring and opening of the year. 



A-PRIORI, the opposite of a -posteriori. 

 To judge or prove a thing a-priori, is to 

 do it upon grounds or reasons preceding 

 actual knowledge, or independently of it. 



A'PRON, from a or ag, and Celt, bron, 

 the breast. 1. A cloth or piece of leather 

 worn to defend the clothes. 2. In gun- 

 nery, a flat piece of lead as a cover for the 



touch-hole of a cannon. 3. In ships, a 



piece of curved timber fixed behind the 

 lower part of the stem, and immediately 

 above the foremost end of the keel: it 

 connects the stem and keel. 4. A plat- 

 form at the entrance of a dock, on which 



the dock-gates are shut. 5. A piece of 



leather or wax-cloth spread before a 

 person riding 1 in a gig, to defend him from 

 rain, &c. 



AP'SIDES, plural of apsis, a circle (q. v.). 

 Those two points in the orbit of a planet 

 or comet, one of which is the farthest 

 from, and the other the nearest to, the 

 sun. The nearest point is called the lower 

 apsis or perihelion (q. v.), and the farthest 

 point is the higher apsis or aphelion (q. v./. 

 In the orbits of the satellites, the corres- 

 ponding terms are perigee and apogee. 

 The (imaginary) straight line which joins 

 the apsides, that is, the transverse axis of 

 the orbit (which is an ellipse), is called 

 the line of the apsides. This line moreover 

 has a slow progressive motion, which 

 may be represented by supposing a planet 

 to move in an ellipse, while the ellipse 

 itself is slowly revolving about the sun in 

 the same plane : this is called the motion 

 of the apsides, and the time which the 

 earth takes, setting out from either apsis, 

 to return to the same point, is called the 

 anomalistieal year. This, in consequence 

 of the motion of the apsides, is longer than 

 the tropical year. The motion of the 

 apsides is however so slow, that more 

 than 109,830 years are required for the 

 major axis of the earth's orbit to accom- 

 plish one sidereal revolution. See EQUI- 

 NOXES. 



APS'IS, Lat. of ot-^if of at,TTat, to con- 

 nect. 1. In attronumy, either of the two 



