ARC 



ARC 



ecclesiastical dignitary next to a bishop 

 his jurisdiction may extend over the 

 whole diocese, or only a part of it. There 

 are sixty archdeacons in England, and as 

 many archdeaconries over which they have 

 authority. Archdeacott'i court is an In- 

 ferior church court held in the absence of 

 the archdeacon, and from which appeal 

 lies to the bishop's court. The judge in 

 this court is called the raMMBNt'i official. 



ARCH'DUKE, from arch and duke. A 

 title given to the princes of the house of 

 Austria, all the sons being archdukes and 

 daughters archduchesses. 



A&CHEI'ON, the most retired and secret 

 place of the Grecian temples, used as a 

 treasury. 



ARCH'ES-COCRT, an ecclesiastical court 

 of appeal belonsing to the archbishop of 

 each province, the judge of which is called 

 the Dean of Arches. The court takes its 

 name from the church of St. Mary-te-Botc 

 (de arcubus), whose top is raised of stone 

 pillars built archwise, where it was an- 

 ciently held. 



ARCH'ETTPE, from ete^nrov, a first 

 pattern. Among winters, the standard 

 weight to which the others are adjusted. 



AR'CHIACO'LYTH, from <;, chief, and 

 az.6\w6o;, minister. In the ancient ca- 

 thedral churches, the ministers were 

 divided into four orders, viz. priests, 

 deacons, subdeacons, and acolyths (or 

 Lat. acolythi) , each of which had its chiefs : 

 that of the acolythi was called the archi- 

 acolyth or archiacolythus. 



ARCH'IATEH, from >}, chief, and 

 latTfos, physician. An old title for the 

 chief physician to a prince who retained 

 several. 



AR'cHiDA.p'irER, from arch and dapifer, 

 sewer. In Germany, a great officer of the 

 empire : the office belongs to the elector 

 of Bavaria. 



AR'CHIL, 1 A violet, red, or purple 



AB.CHII/LA. } paste, obtained from a spe- 

 cies of whitish moss (lichen roccellus) which 

 grows upon rocks in the Canary and Cape 

 de Verd Islands. It is used in dyeing for 

 modifying other colours. It is analogous 

 to the substance called cudbear in Scot- 

 land. Litmus is obtained from the same 

 lichen, by a modified process practised in 

 Holland. A sort of archil is also obtained 

 from the lichen partllus, which grows on 

 the basaltic rocks of Au\- 



ARCH ILO'CH IAN Appertaining to Archilo- 

 chus, a Greek poet, who nourished about 

 700 i*c. The Archilochia* urw, which is 

 called from him, is 



AHCHIMAN'DRITE. In the Greek church 

 the abbots were called mandra, and theii 

 chief archimandrite, the proax archi mean- 

 ing thiej. Set ARCH. 



ARCHIME'DES' SCREW, a machine tot 

 raising water, said to have been invented 

 by Archimedes, the most celebrated among 

 the ancient geometricians (2s7 B.C.). The 

 machine consists of a tube rolled in a 

 spiral form about a cylinder, as in the 

 figure. The handle, A, being turned, the 



water enters the spiral tube at B : the 

 orifice being brought to C, the water will 

 fall to E ; another revolution brings it to G ; 

 and so on, till it is finally discharged at D. 



ARCHIPELAGO is a corruption of 2Egeo- 

 pelago, the modern Greek pronunciation 

 of Ajytun IltAatj'Of, the -Egean Sea. 

 The term is applied to any sea interspersed 

 with many isles, and to the isles situated 

 therein. 



ARCHITECTURE, the art of contrivinc 

 and erecting buildings. According to the 

 objects to which it is applied, architecture 

 is divided into civil, naval, and military 

 The word is from the Lat. archittctura, o 

 the verb architector, from tttyinxrm, 

 a constructor, an architect. 



The Egyptian style of building takes 



its origin in the cavern and mound ; the 



Chinese architecture is modelled from 



the tent; the Grecian is derived from 



the wooden cabin ; and the Gothic from 



the bower of trees. 



ARCH'ITRAVE, from oc.f%os, chief, and 

 trabi, a beam. In architecture, that pait 

 of the entablature which rests imint 

 diately upon the columns. It probably 

 repeesents the beam which in ancient 

 buildings extended from column to co- 

 "uinn, to support the roof. In Gothit 

 architecture there is no architrave. 



AR'CHIVES, a collection of written docu 

 menu containing the rights, privileges, 

 claims, treatises, constitutions, &c. of a 

 uniily, corporation, community, city, or 

 dngdom; also the place where such do- 

 cuments are kept. The term is Vr., from 

 Ital. archivio; Low Lat. arcJiivium or ur 

 chicum, from a^fcuii. 



AR'CHIVOLT. In arc httectw e, the Innei 

 contour of an arch or baud, adorned with 

 mouldings, running over the facinzs o: 

 he archstones and bearing upon the im- 

 posts. It differs in different orders. Ttt 

 :erm is from the Fr. archivolu, and tie 

 same as the Lat. arcw voluttu. 



