ART 



101 



All T 



hold (the ancients supposed that thearte- 

 ties contained air only). The arteries are 

 strong elastic canals, which convey the 

 blood from the heart to the different 

 parts of the body, and are during life dis- 

 tinguished from the veins by pulsation. 

 ThH original arterial trunks are only two 

 in number, the aorta (q. v.) and the pul- 

 mnnary artery, which arises from the 

 right ventricle of the heart. 



ARTE'SIAN WELLS, springs of water ob- 

 tained by boring through strata destitute 

 of water into other strata which contain 

 ic. Thus named from the operation hav- 

 i'ur been first practised in Artois, the an- 

 cient Artesium of France. 



ARTHRI'TIS, from ofB^ov, a joint. Any 

 disease that affects the joints, but gout 

 1 inkularly. 



ARTURU'CACE, from tt^Bfov, a joint, and 

 *.axj, vice. A collection of matter 

 within the cavity of a bone. 



ARTHRO'DIC, a connection of bones in 

 *"hich the head of one is received into the 

 follow of another so as to admit motion 

 iu all directions. 



AHTK UUUI'E j, Gr., from ct*8$ov , a joint. 



name fiven to those algi which have 

 an articulated structure. 



ARTIIRODY'NIC, Gr., from <x$Q$oi, a joint, 

 and c'3uvj, pain rheumatic and other 

 painful affections of the joints. 



AR'TICIIOKE, the popular name of the 

 Ciiitarn stolymiis which is extensively cul- 

 tivated for culinary purposes. Tim Jeru- 

 foltm Artichoke is a species of heiiamhus 

 or sun-flower. 



The popular etymology of this word 



is, that any one unfortunate enough to 



get the artichoke into his throat would 



certainly be choked ! The word occurs, 



with little variation of orthography, in 



most modern European languages. The 



Italians write carciofala, probably from 



Lat. carduus. 



AR'TICLE, from Lat. articuhw, a little 

 joint. In laic, to article is, 1. To acquire 

 or charge by an exhibition of articles (e.g.) 

 " He shall be articled against in the High 



Court of Admiralty," 33 Geo. III. 2. In 



tear, the code of military law embodied 

 in the Mutiny Act, which is passed each 

 year. 3. In theology, a point of Chris- 

 tian doctrine established by the church 

 (e.g.), the 39 Articles of the Church of 

 England, which are founded upon certain 

 articles compiled and published in the 

 reign of Edward VI. 



AKTIC'ULAR, jointed, Lat. articularis, 

 appertaining to the joints. 



ARTICULA'TA. one of the great divisions 

 Of the animal kingdom. A primary di- 

 vision of the animal kingdom, character- 

 ised by an external skeleton consisting of 

 a series of rings, articulated and sur- 

 rounding (he bod;. The third in the 



arnuiirrinent of Cuvicr, embracing four 

 classes : annulata, Crustacea, arachuoidus, 

 and insecta. 



AHTIC'CLATE, Lat. articulatus, jointed. 

 Applied, 1. In grammar, to the sound.) 

 made by opening and shutting the organ* 

 of speech ; the junction of the organs fonn- 



ing a joint or articulation. 2. In botany . 



to roots, stems, and other parts which are 

 so united as if one piece grew out of 

 another. 



ARTIC'CLATBD, Lat. articttivt, a joint. 

 Connected by moveable joints, and in 

 plants applied to parts so slightly cor 

 nected, as finally to fall asunder, as ia 

 the case of a withered leaf. 



ARTIC'CLATING, fitting by means of 

 joints. 



ARTICULA'TION, Lat. articulalio, ofarti- 

 citlus. The junction of bones, of which 

 there are three kinds : synthrosis, diur- 

 throsis, and amphi-arthrosis. In botany, 

 the connection of the parts of a plant by 

 joints, also the nodes or joints. In gram- 

 mar, the distinct utterance of syllables 

 and words by the human voice. 



ARTICULA'TION, the connections of the 

 bones of a skeleton by joints. 



ARTIC'CLUS, a joint, Lat. dim. of artiu. 

 In botany, a pan lying between two know 

 in an articulated stem. The knots are 

 also called artindi. 



ARTIFICER, Lat. ars, art, and facio, 1 

 make. One who requires intellectual re- 

 finement in the exercise of his profession, 

 in distinction from an artisan, who may 

 practise either the fine or useful arts 

 without knowing more than the general 

 rules of his art. 



ARTIFICIAL, contrived by art (ariand 



to). Artificial lines on a sector or scale 

 are lines so contrived as to represent the 

 logarithmic sines and tangents. Artifi- 

 cial numbers are the same with logarithms. 



ARTILLERY, from Fr. ariillirie, archery 

 (primitively). Artillery denotes all can- 

 non, mortars, howitzers, petards, &c., to- 

 gether with all apparatus thereto be- 

 longing ; as also the art or science of 

 managing the same, (more commonly 

 called gunnery.) The same name is also 

 given to the troops by whom these arms 

 are served, being subsidiary to the in- 

 struments. The artillery park is the place 

 appointed for the encampment of the ar- 

 tillery apparatus and troops for its ser- 

 vice and defence. Flying artillery con- 

 sists of light pieces, and is thus distin- 

 guished from field artillery. 



ARxocA'RrE*, a tribe of dicotyledonous 

 plants, of which the genus Artocarpus is 

 the type. 



AHTOCAR'PCS, the bread-fruit tree: a 

 genus of several species, of which the A. 

 sa, which grows to about the size of 

 a small oak, is the most celebrated. It ie 

 a native of the South Sea Iilanda. but U 



