BAD 



115 



BAG 



move astern. 3. To back astern is to 



manage a boat in rowing go that it shall 

 move stern forenioit. Back is here used 

 ta an abbreviation of backwards. 



BACKER. Iii architecture, used to de- 

 note a narrow slate laid on the back of a 

 broad, square-headed slate when the 

 Hiates b5gin to diminish in width. 



S^CEGAM'MON, a game played with 

 dice by two persons on a table divided 

 into two parts, upon which there are 24 

 black and white spaces called points. 

 iiach player has 15 men, black and 

 while, to distinguish them. The term 

 ts from "Welsh bac, little, and cammaun 

 battle. The little battle. 



BACK'QCADRANT, a quadrant formerly 

 used at sea for taking the sun's altitude ; 

 c called from the back being turned to- 

 wards the sun in using it. 



BACK'SBT. In Scotland, a sublease, in 

 which possession is restored to those hav- 

 ing the primary interest in it. From back 

 and set, a lease. 



BACK'STAFF, the backquadrant (q. v.) ; 

 called also, from its inventor, Davis's 

 Quadrant, and by the French, the Eng- 

 lish Quadrant. 



BACK-STAYS, ropes or stays extending 

 from the topmast heads to both sides of a 

 chip, to assist the shrouds in supporting 

 the mast,when strained by a weight of sail. 



BACK'SWORD. In England, a stick with 

 i basket-handle, used in rustic fencing. 



BACK'TACK. In Scotland, a deed by which 

 ft wadsetter, instead of himself possessing 

 the lands which he has in wadset, gives a 

 lease of them to the reverser, to continue 

 in force till they are redeemed, on condi- 

 tion of the payment of the wadset-inter- 

 3Bt as rent. From back and tack, lease. 



BACO'NIAN PHILOSOPHY. The system 

 propounded by Francis Bacon, Lord Ve- 

 rulam. 



BACULA'RES, a sect of anabaptists is so 

 named from baculum, because they held it 

 unchristian to carry any other weapon 

 than a staff. 



BACULOM'ETRT, the art of measuring 

 heights with a staff bacillus and metrum. 



BADOER. In old late, a person licensed 

 to buy corn in one place and sell it in an- 

 other, without incurring the penalties of 

 engrossing. In zoology, a genus of qua- 

 drupeds belonging to the plantigrade 

 tribe, and placed by Linnaeus with the 

 Kacoons, in the genus Ursus. 



In the first sense, badger is from Sax. 



bye^rau, to buy. In the second, from 



Gothic baydga, to fight, to beat. 



EADIA'OA, a marine plant of the order 

 algae, used in Russia to remove the livid 

 mark* of bruises. 



BADICE'ON, a mixture of plaister and 

 freestone well sifted and ground together. 

 Ug-.*i t.y statuaries to nil up the little 



holes, and repair the defects in stones of 

 which their work is made. Joiners also 

 give this name to a mixture of fcuvrdust 

 and glue, with which they fill up the 

 chaps and other defects of wood after i: 

 has been wrought. 



BAD'INAOE, a method of hunting wild- 

 ducks practised in France. It consists in 

 covering a boat with foliage, and sailing 

 it cautiously towards the birds, wheu a 

 small dog, trained to the sport, is silently 

 put out ; the birds seek shelter about the 

 insidious island, and are generally 

 speared, but sometimes shot. 



-ELYL'IA, certain anointed stones wor- 

 shipped by the Phojnieians. Baj-reA* , 

 the stone which Saturn devoured instead 

 of Jupiter ! 



^TOEN, an exceedingly venomous ser- 

 pent of Africa, described by Foskal. 



BAG. 1. In commerce, a certain quan- 

 tity of a commodity, such as it is common, 

 to carry to market in a sack ; e. g. a bag 



of meal is 240 Ibs. avoir. 2. In farriery, 



a bag or list of one oz. asafoetida, with as 

 much powder of savin, tied to the bit of 

 a horse's bridle, to restore his appetite. 

 Norm. bage. 



BAOA'SSE, the sugar-cane in its dry 

 and crushed state, as delivered from the 

 sugar-mill. Used for fuel. 



BAG'GING, a mode of reaping corn or 

 pulse with a hook by chopping, instead of 

 by a drawing-cut. 



BA&'LAFECHT, a variety of the Philip- 

 pine Grosbeak (Loxia Philippiana) found 

 in Abyssinia. 



BAGN'IO, an Italian term for a bath. 

 Applied to a house provided with conve- 

 niences for bathing, &c. 



BAG'piFE,the otirxotuhof of the Greeks, 

 and the tibia vtricularis of the Romans, is 

 a musical wind-instrument of high anti- 

 quity, especially among the northern na- 

 tions. Its peculiarity consists in collecting 

 the air into a leathern bag, from which 

 it is forced, by the pressure of the per- 

 former's arm, into the pipes. The base 

 pipe is very appropriately called the 

 drone, and the tenor or treble is called the 

 chanter. This has eight holes, like those 

 of a flute, which the performer opens and 

 stops at pleasure. Air is supplied either 

 with bellows, as in the Irish bagpipe, or 

 with the mouth, as in the Scottish or 

 Highland bagpipe. 



This instrument has so long been a 

 favourite in Scotland and Ireland, that 

 it is regarded as the national music of 

 those countries ; but it is by no means 

 peculiar to them. It is found on Gre- 

 cian and Roman sculptures, and in 

 several other countries it is a popular 

 instrument at the present time. It is, 

 besides, one of the few things on which 

 time haa wrought no improvement. It 



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