BAR 



122 



BAR 



form; used to denote a breastwork of a 

 fortification, from which the carman maj 

 be fired over the parapet. 



BAR'BITON, a musical instrument of the 

 lyre kind. 



BAR'BLES, a white excrescence that 

 grows under the tongue in cattle : called 

 barbes by the French. 



BAR'BULA, Lat. dim. a little beard. A. 

 finely divided beard-like apex to the peri- 

 stome of some mosses, as in the genus 

 tortula. 



BAH'CAROLLE, a Venetian boat sons?. 



BAR'CON, a luggage vessel used in the 

 Mediterranean. 



BARDIGLI'ONE, a blue variety of anhy- 

 drite, cut and polished for ornamental 

 purposes. 



BAR'DIN, in military antiquities, a com- 

 plete set of armorial trapping for a horse. 

 This word 4s written in the plural bar- 

 dynges, and is derived by Grose from Fr. 

 bardi, covered; but it is more probable 

 that the term was primarily used to denote 

 the pikes or spears fixed in the horse's 

 trappings, and consequently may be from 

 the Teut. barde, a pole-axe. 



BARDS, the ancient Celtic poets are so 

 termed by Roman writers. The etymology 

 of the word is uncertain. They were the 

 priests as well as the instructors of the 

 people, and were greatly venerated. 



BARE-POLES, the masts of a ship at sea 

 without sails. 



BAR'-FEE, a fee of Is. Sd. which every 

 prisoner acquitted (at the bar) of felony 

 pays to the gaoler. 



BAR'GAIN , from Welsh, bargen , to engage. 

 Bargain and sale, is a species of conveyance 

 by which the bargainer contracts to con 

 vey certain lands to the bargainee, and 

 becomes by such contract a trustee for 

 and seised to the use of the bargainee. 

 The statute then completes the purchase, 

 that is, the bargain vests the use, and the 

 statute vests the possession. 



BARGE-BOARDS, in architecture, the in- 

 clined boards placed at the gable of a 

 building, to hide the horizontal timbers 

 of the roof, and frequently ornamental. 



BARGE-* OCPLES, in architecture, abeam 

 mortised into another to strengthen the 

 building. 



BARGE-COURSE, in bricklaying, that part 

 of the tilting which projects over the 

 gable or kirkinhead of a building, and is 

 made up below with mortar. 



BARGH'MOTE, a court which takes cog- 

 nisance of causes and disputes among 

 miners : also barmote. 



BARIL'LA, the name given in commerce 

 to the impure carbonate of soda imported 

 from Spain and the Levant. It is pro- 

 cnredby the incineration of various plants 

 which grow on the sea-shore, but espe- 

 cially the *aJwf<z soda, which is extensively 

 POtQV*tAd ?'* the purpf:ee. Kelr (1- v } 



is sometimes called British barillfo. The 

 term barilla is Spanish, probal-ly fr)in an 

 Arabic root. 



BAR'ITONE, in tmixic, a voice tne com- 

 pass of which partakes of the bass and 

 tenor: (3fos, heavy, and rave?, tone. 



BA'RIV>', the metallic basis of the earth, 

 baryta (q. v.) 



BARK. 1. The exterior part of trees, 

 &c., corresponding to the skin of animals: 



it consists of a cuticle and epidermis. 



2. Cinchona (q. v.). 



In medicine many kinds of bark are 

 used ; but the Peruvian or Jesuit's bark 

 is especially called bark by way of emi- 

 nence. It is the produce of a Peruvian 

 tree (cinchona lancifoliaj,a. r nl was intro- 

 duced into Europe by the Jesuits. 

 Among tanners, oak baik. is frat-A psur 

 excellence. 



3. A particulai form of rig of ve- 



sels, namely, that of a ship, but having a, 

 gaff top-sail instead of the square mizen 

 top-sail. 



BARK'ER'S MILT., a valuable hydraulic 

 machine, of which A B is a hollow cylin- 

 der moveable about a vertical axis M N ; 

 P P' another hollow cylinder placed at 



M 



right angles to the former, and cc-miAuni- 

 cating internally with it. N>ar its K<- 

 tremities, which are closed, two apertures 

 are made the sides of this horizontal 

 cylinder opening in opposite directions. 

 The cylinders being filled with water, tae 

 pressure on the portions opposite the 

 orifices P and P' being unsustained, the 

 cylinder will tend to move in the direction 

 of that pressure that is round its axis 

 M N ,- and being five to move about that 

 axis, it will continue to revolve about it 

 in a direction opposite to the efflux as 

 long as any fluid remains in Ihe Cylinders , 

 and being connncwd with t system of 



