BIL 



130 



BI L 



BIHTDROG'CRET, a double hydroguret. 



6*eH\DROGfRF.T. 



BIJ'I-GOVS, Lat. btjugut, twice-paired 

 (bit and jtigum}. Applied to leaves com- 

 posed of two pairs of opposite leaflets on 

 the common petiole. 



BIKH, a deleterious plant used by the 

 inhabitants of Nepal to poison their wells, 

 at the time the British troops invaded it. 

 This poison has been ascertained to be 

 the Aconitum ferox. 



BIL'ABIATE, Lat. bilabiattis, two-lipped 

 (bit and labium). Applied in botany ; e.g. 

 the corols of flowers. 



BILACIN'IATE, Lat. bilacinialus , double 

 laciniate. Applied to a leaf when the 

 margin is cut into two segments. 



BILAM'ELLATE, Lat. bilamellatus, having 

 two layers (bis and lamella}. TJscd in 

 botany to denote that the part is of the 

 form of a flattened sphere longitudinally 

 bifid. 



BI'LAXDER, by and land. A small vessel 

 with two masts, distinguished from other 

 two-masted vessels by the form of the 

 mainsail, which is bent to the whole 

 length of a yard, hanging fore and aft, 

 and inclined to the horizon in an angle of 

 about 45, the foremost lower corner, 

 called the tack, being secured by a ring- 

 bolt in the deck, and the aftermost or 

 sheet in the tafferel. It was used chiefly 

 in the canals of the Low Countries : hence 

 its name. 



BILAT'ERAL, Lat. bilateralis, two-sided 

 (&;, and latus, a side). 



BIL'BOES. ( In ships, long bars of iron 



BII/BOWS. ) with shackles sliding on 

 them, and a lock at the end, used to con- 

 fine the feet of offenders. Hence, also, the 

 punishment of offenders in this way is 

 called by the same name, and is equiva- 

 lent to punishment in the stocks on land. 



BILE, Lat. bilis, the gall ; a bitter fluid 

 secreted by the liver, in part flowing into 

 the intestines, and in part regurgitating 

 into the gall-bladder. This fluid is se- 

 creted in the minute lobules of the liver 

 from the blood, contained in the extreme 

 branches of the portal vein, and is brought 

 by minute canals, called biliary ducts, 

 into the hepatic duct, which conveys it 

 into the common biliary duct, by which 

 it is carried into the duodenum. 



BILE'STONES, biliary calculi are popu- 

 larly so named. See CALCULCS. 



BILGE, from Goth. bulgia,to swell. The 

 protuberant part of a cask, which is 

 usually in the middle. The bilge of a ship 

 is the underpart of her floor which ap- 

 proaches to a horizontal direction, and 

 on which she would rest if aground. 

 "When this part of the ship is fractured, 

 she is said to be bilged ; the water which 

 lies in the hilge.is called the bilge-water, 

 and the pump adapted to withdraw it is 

 Cdlleu the 



BIL'IARY, Lat biliarius, appertaining or 

 relating to bile; e.g. the bile or biliary 

 ducts, which are minute canals adapted 

 to convey the bile intc the hepatic duct. 

 Biliary calculi are concretions which form 

 in the gall bladder or bile ducts. 



BILIN'GUENT, from bis and lingua. A 

 jury impanelled on a foreigner, part being 

 English and part being natives of the 

 same country with the panel. 



BILL. 1. The beak of a bird, from Sax. 

 bille, the primary sense of which is a 



shoot. 2. A cutting instrument, used 



by plumbers, basket-makers, and gar- 

 deners, made in the form of a bird's man- 

 dible, and fitted with a handle; when 

 short it is called a hand-bill, when long, a 

 hedge-bill, being used for cutting hedges 

 and pruning-trees. FromSax. bille, Ger. 

 beil, an axe, a hatchet. 



BILL, from Norm, bille, a note. In Into, 

 a declaration in writing expressing some 

 wrong the complainant has suffered from 

 the defendant, or a fault committed by 

 some person against a law. It contains 

 the fact complained of, the damage sus- 

 tained, and a petition or process against 

 the defendant for redress. In Scots law, 

 the term extends to every application in 

 writing, by way of petition to the court 

 of session. The term is also used in Eng- 

 land to signify an obligation or security 

 given for money under the hana, and 

 sometimes the seal, of the debtor, with- 

 out a condition or forfeiture for non-pay- 

 ment, in which circumstance it differs 

 from a bond. This kind of security is 

 very generally called a note of hand. In 

 parliament, the word bill is used to denote 

 a draft or form of a law presented but not 

 enacted. In some instances statutes are 

 called bills, but they are usually qualified 

 by some descriptive title, as a bill of at- 

 tainder. When a bill has received the 

 sanction of both houses of parliament and 

 the royal assent, it is generally named an 

 Act of Parliament. 



BILL or ENTRY, a written account of 

 goods entered at the custom-house, whe- 

 ther imported or intended for export- 

 ation. 



BILL OF EXCHANGE, a written request 

 or order to one person or company to pay 

 a certain sum of money therein stated to 

 another person or company, on his or 

 their order. The person who makes the 

 bill is called the drawer, the person to 

 whom it is addressed, the drawee, and 

 the person to whom or to whose order 

 on the face of the bill it is payable, the 

 payee. If the drawee accepts the bill, 

 he thereby becomes the acceptor. A bill 

 of exchange differs from a promissory 

 note in being a request to another per- 

 son, to pay, whereas the latter is a pro- 

 rube on the part of the maker himself 



