BOB 



147 



BOD 



employed ; e. g. the barge is a long, light, 

 narrow boat, employed in harbours but 

 unfit for sea : it never has less than ten 

 oars. The pinnace resembles a barge, but 

 is smaller, having only eight oars. The 

 long-boat is the largest boat belonging to 

 a ship, generally furnished with a mast 

 and sails, and may be armed and equipped 

 for cruising short distances. The launch 

 is more flat-bottomed than the long-boat, 

 which it has generally superseded. The 

 cutters of a ship are broader and deeper 

 than the barge or pinnace, and are fitter 

 for sailing : they have usually six oars. 

 Yawls are smaller than cutters, but have 

 the same number of oars. The jolly-boat 

 is smaller than a yawl, and has usually 

 four oars. A gig is a long narrow boat, 

 used for expedition, and rowed by six or 

 eight oars. A wherry is a light sharp boat 

 used in rivers and harbours. A skiff is a 

 small boat like a yawl, used for passing 

 rivers. A punt is a small flat-bottomed 

 boat, usually propelled by one person. A 

 inoses is a flat-bottomed boat used in the 

 West Indies for carrying hogsheads from 

 the shore to ships in the roads. A felucca 

 is a strong passage-boat used in the Medi- 

 terranean with from ten to sixteen banks 

 of oars. A scow is a large flat-bottomed 

 heavy boat. In some parts of America it 

 is called a gondola, in imitation of the 

 gondola used at Venice, in Italy, on the 

 eanals it is about 30 ft. long, and 12 wide. 

 There are also canoes, perogues, galleys, 

 ferry-boats, packet-boats, passage-boats, 

 advice-boats, canal-boats, steam-boats, tow- 

 ing-boats, &c., &c. 



BoAT'-BiLL,the cancroma cochlearia, Lin. 

 A bird of the grallic order : size of a hen : 

 whitish, grey, or brown back, red belly, 

 white forehead followed by a black ca- 

 lotte; bill four inches in length, and not 

 unlike a boat with the keel turned upper- 

 most : inhabits the hot and marshy parts of 

 South America . The boat-bill bears a close 

 resemblance to the heron. 



BOAT'-FLY, ] a genus of hemipterous 



BOAT'-INSECT, ) insects known in ento- 

 mology by the generic name notonecta. 

 Their posterior legs are densely ciliated, 

 and resemble oars. They swim or rather 

 row with great swiftness, and frequently 

 while on their back. 



BOATSWAIN , pron. bos-n ; boat, and Sax. 

 BWein, a servant. An officer on board of 

 ships who has charge of the boats, sails, 

 rigging, colours, anchors, cables, and 

 cordage. His office is also to summon the 

 crew to their duty, to relieve the watch, 

 assist in the necessary business of the 

 ship, seizins and punishing offenders, &c. 

 The boatswain's mate has charge of the 

 long-boat, for setting forth and weighing 

 anchors, warping, towing, and mooring. 



BOB. 1. The bull of a pendulum: the 



metallic weight which is attached to'the 

 lower extremity of a pendulum- rod. 

 2. A knot of worms on a string used m 

 fishing for eels. 



BOB'STAYS, ropes to confine the bovvspti*, 

 of a ship downward to the stem. 



BOCAR'DO, an arbitrary name in logic for 

 the fifth mode of the third figure of syllo- 

 gism. The middle proposition.is universal 

 and affirmative, and the other two parti- 

 cular and negative. 



BOC'CONIA, the tree celandine. A genus 

 of arborescent plants of two species Do- 

 decandria Monogynia. Natives of the 

 "West Indies and Peru. 



BOCKLAN DS, that is booklands. In ancient 

 times lands held by charter or deed in 

 writing, under certain rents and free ser- 

 vices. This species of tenure has given 

 rise to the modern freehold. 



BOD'Y, from Sax. bodl, that which Is 

 set or fixed. 1. In physics, the term body 

 is often read in the same sense as matter, 

 that is, to designate a substance which, 

 has length, breadth, and thickness; is 

 divisible, impenetrable, and moveable. 

 Bodies are called ponderable when they 

 may act upon several of the senses, and 

 when their materiality is thereby suffi- 

 ciently established : of this kind are solids, 

 fluids, and gases. They are called impon- 

 derable when they give rise to phenomena 

 which, may be regarded merely as parti- 

 cular states or affections of ordinary mat- 

 ter, without being otherwise cognisable 

 by the senses : of this sort are caloric , light, 

 electricity, and magnetism.. Besides the 

 common properties of matter, extension, 

 divisibility, impenetrability, and mobility 

 ponderable bodies possess secondary pro- 

 perties which are variable, as hardness, 

 porosity, elasticity, density, &c., by which 

 their condition or state is infinitely modi- 

 fied. Bodies are also simple and compound, 

 simple when they consist of one element, 

 and compound when they are composed 

 of two or more elements. Animal bodies 

 are composed of eight or ten elements, 

 and have nitrogen for their base ; vege- 

 tables consist of only four or five elements, 



and have carbon for their base. 2. In 



geometry, the word body is used in the 

 same sense as solid, that is. Which has the 

 three dimensions, length, breadth, and 

 thickness. A regular or platonic body is 

 one which has all its sides, angles, and 

 planes, similar and equal. There are only 

 five bodies such, vi/.: (1.) Tetrahedron 

 contained under 4 equilateral triangles; 

 (2.) Hexahedron, 6 squares; (3.) Octa- 

 hedron, 8 triangles ; (4.) Dodecahedron, 13 

 pentagons ; (5.) Icosahedron, 20 triangles. 

 Bodies are said to be irregular when they 

 are not bounded by equal and like surfaces 



3. AuongjMMNtov, the phrase "to Bear 



a body," is applied to any colour when 

 L 2 



