BOR 



153 



BOS 



root as board. In heraldry, it is an ho- 

 nourable ordinary, according to French 

 heralds, which should occupy a third part 

 of the shield. It surrounds the field, is of 

 equal breadth on every part, and in Eng- 

 lish blazonry, it occupies one-fifth of the 

 field. 



BORD'LA.ND, in old laic, the domain land 

 which the lord kept in his own hand for 

 the maintenance of his bord (board) or 

 table ; sometimes called bordage. 



BORD'-LODE, that is, board-load, the ser- 

 vice required of a tenant to carry timber 

 from the woods to his lord's house ; also 

 the quantity of provisions paid by a bord- 

 man for bordland. 



BORD'-M AN , the tenant of bordland, who 

 supplied his lord with provisions. 



BORD'-SERVICE, the tenure by which 

 bordland was held, which was the pay- 

 ment of a certain quantity of provisions 

 to the lord. In lieu of this the tenant 

 now pays sixpence an acre. 



BOR'DURE. In heraldry, a tract or com- 

 pass of metal, colour or fur, within the 

 escutcheon, and around it. 



BORE, from Sax. boflian, to perforate, 

 expresses the sudden rise of the tide in 

 certain estuaries. To bore: in the manege, 

 ahorse is said to bore when he carries 

 his nose to the ground. 



BORES', the French name of a dance, in 

 common time of four crotchets in a bar, 

 always beginning in the last quaver or 

 last crotchet of the measure. 



BOR'ING, a species of circular cutting in 

 which a cylindrical portion of the sub- 

 stance is removed. Among miners, boring 

 is performed for the purpose of ascer- 

 taining the nature of the subjacent strata 

 without digging. The instruments used 

 are scooping irons, which, being with- 

 drawn from time to time, bring up sam- 

 ples of the strata through which they 

 have passed. 



BO'RON, the basis of boracic acid. It 

 may be obtained by heating in a copper 

 tube two parts of potassium and one of 

 boracic acid, previously fused and pow- 

 dered. It is classed among the metals by 

 chemists. 



BOR'OUGH. from Sax. DOfthoe, surety. 

 In Saxon times this word denoted a mani- 

 pledge (hand-pledge) or association of 

 men, who were sureties or free pledges to 

 the king for the good behaviour of each 

 other, and if any offence was committed 

 in their district, they were bound to have 

 the offenders forthcoming. The asso- 

 ciating of ten men was called a tything or 

 decenary; the head man was called the 

 tything-man, or head-borough, and in some 

 places borsholder and borough's ealder, and 

 the society friburg, that is, free-burgh or 

 frank-pledge. Ten tythings formed an 

 hundred, a denomination still retained to 



the districts comprehended in the asio- 

 ciation. It is probable that the applica- 

 tion of the word borough to towns sprung 

 from these associations, when their pri- 

 mary objects were somewhat merged- in 

 the rights and privileges of the burghs, 

 which denoted originally fortified towns. 

 This name, however, was early restricted 

 to those towns which sent burgesses to 

 parliament. In this sense the term is Sax. 

 bouft^, a fortified place. Some boroughs 

 are incorporated, but others are not. In 

 Scotland, the term is applied to a body 

 corporate, erected by charter of the Sove- 

 reign, having a certain jurisdiction. Bo- 

 roughs, when erected to be held of the 

 Sovereign, are called royal boroughs ; when 

 erected to be held of the Sovereign simply 

 as superior of the land, they are called 

 boroughs of regality ; when erected to be 

 held of the lord baron, they are called 

 boroughs of barony. 



BOR'OCGH-COURTS, certain courts of pri- 

 vate and special jurisdiction, held in 

 different cities, boroughs, and corpora- 

 tions, throughout the kingdom, by pre- 

 scription, charter, or act of parliament. 

 Of this character are the Sheriff's court 

 and court of Hustings in London. 



BOR'OUOH-ENGLISH, a customary descent 

 of lands and tenements to the youngest 

 son instead of the eldest ; or, there being 

 no sons, to the youngest brother. 



BOR'RELISTS, a sect of Christians in Hol- 

 land, so called from Borrel, their founder. 

 They reject the use of the Sacraments and 

 all external worship, but lead an austere 

 life. 



Bos, the ox: a well known geivus of 

 ruminant animals of the tribe of Bovidrj. 

 The name is Lat. from pov; , an ox. Tie 

 chief species are the common ox, the 

 aurochs, bison, buffalo, yack, and musk ox. 



BO'SA, an inebriating preparation used 

 by the Egyptians, made of the meal of 

 darnel, hempseed, and water. 



Bo, 'CAGE, a French term, now written 

 6oca^e,agrove. 1. Underwood and some- 

 times lands covered with underwood. 



2. In painting, a landscape representing 



thickets and woodlands. 3- In oM l-tw, 



food for cattle which is yielded by bushes 

 and trees. 



BOS'KET, Eng. ) Ital. boschetto, a grove, 



BOS'QUET, Fr. ) from bosco. In girdeii- 

 ing, a compartment formed by branches 

 of trees, disposed according to fancy. 



BOSSAGE, from boss. In architecture . 

 1. A projecting stone laid rough in build- 

 ing, to be afterwards carved into mould- 

 ings, capitals, arms, &c. 2. Rustic 



work used chiefly in the corners of build- 

 ings, and thence called rustic quoins. 



BOSWEL'LI\, a genus of plants. Decan- 

 dria Monogynia. The B. senata is sup- 

 posed to yield the olibanuui of commerce 



