BOU 



156 



BOW 



in the soil, and differing from the rocks 

 about where they are found. These frag- 

 ments or outlying boulders are of no de- 

 terminate size ; they are supposed to have 

 been transported by water, and are occa- 

 sionally found at great distances from 

 their parent rocks. 



BOULD'ER-MALLS are these built of 

 boulders or rounded fragments of rocks, 

 laid in strong mortar, used where the sea 

 has a beach cast up. 



BOUL'IM Y . Lat. Ixiulimia, voracious appe- 

 tite, from ou{ , great, and KtfM>s , hunger. 



BOCL'TINE. In architecture, the work- 

 man's term for a convex moulding, whose 

 periphery is just a quarter of a circle, 

 next below the plinth in the Tuscan and 

 Doric capitals. It is called also a boltel, 

 but is not at present in use. 



BOUND. In dancing, a spring from one 

 foot to the other, in distinction from hop, 

 which is a spring from one foot to the 

 same. Bound is used in composition, as 

 in ice-bound, teind-bound, when a ship is 

 prevented from sailing by ice or contrary 

 winds ; and in the sense of destined, when 

 we say that a ship is bound for Cadiz. 



BOITN'TT. Lat. bonitas, Fr.bontt. A term 

 used in commerce and the arts, to signify 

 a premium paid by government, 1. To 

 producers, exporters, and importers of 

 certain articles ; 2. To owners of ves- 

 sels engaged in certain trades. Most of 

 the bounties have now happily ceased. 

 The term is still retained to designate the 

 premium offered to induce men to enlist 

 in the public service. 



BOCR'DONE'E. In heraldry, the same 

 Withpom^e (q. v.). 



BOCROEOIS, the name used to designate 

 that sort of printing types in size between 

 long-primer and brevier. The word is 

 Trench. 



BOUSTROPHE'DON, a sort of writing 

 found on Greek coins and inscriptions of 

 the remotest antiquity ; so called from 

 pcvf and fr^tpta, because the lines are 

 so disposed as to succeed each other like 

 furrows in a ploughed tield. 



BOUT, in agriculture, is one turn or 

 course of a plough in ploughing a ridge. 



BOU'TANT. In architecture, an arc bou- 

 tant is an arch or buttress serving to sus- 

 tain a vault, and which is itself sustained 

 by some strong wall or massive pile. The 

 word is Fr., from bouter, to abut. A pillar 

 boutant is a large chain or pile of stone 

 made to support a wall, terrace, or vault. 



BOUTS', Fr. for bouted or abuted. In the 

 manege, a horse is said to be boute, when 

 his legs are in a straight line from the 

 knee to the coronet. 



BOT/VATE, an ox -gate, or as much land 

 as an ox can plough in a year (Cowell says 

 28 acres). Written in law Latin, bovata, 

 from lot, bovis, an ox. 



Bo VET -COAL, a name given to wood-coal, 

 from its having been found abundantly at 

 Bovey Heathlield, near Exeter. It is 

 also called brown coal and brown lignite. 



BOVI'D.S, a tribe of ruminantia, of which 

 the genus Bos is the type. 



Bo'YiJiB, Lat. bovinus, pertaining to 

 oxen, cows, &c. The epithet is applied 

 to all the quadrupeds of the genus .Bos, 

 called accordingly the bovine genus. 



Bow, from Teut. bvghen, to bend. 1. An 

 ancient instrument of war and hunting, 

 made of wood or other elastic matter, 

 with a string fastened to each end. It is 

 of two kinds : the long-bow and the cross- 

 bow, arbalet or arbalest. The use of the 



bow is called archery. 2. A well-known 



implement, by means of which the tone 

 is produced from viols, violins, and other 

 musical instruments of that sort. It is 

 made of a thin staff of elastic wood, ta- 

 pering slightly till it reaches the lower 

 end, to which from 50 to 100 horse-hairs 

 are fastened, and with which the bow is 

 strung. At the upper end is an orna- 

 mented piece of wood or ivory, called the 

 nut, fastened with a screw, which serves 



to regulate the tension of the hairs. 



3. A beam of wood or brass, with three 

 screws, that governs or directs a lath of 

 wood or steel to any arc ; chiefly used 

 wherever it is requisite to draw large 

 arcs. 4. An instrument formerly in use 



for taking the sun's altitude at sea. 5. 



An instrument used : 1. By smiths to 

 turn a drill ; 2. By turners for turning 

 small articles of wood ; 3. By hatters, &c. 

 for breaking fur, wool, and cotton. It re- 

 sembles the archer's bow. (See DRILL- 

 BO wj. 6. The rounded part of a ship's 



side forward, beginning where the planks 

 arch inwards, and terminating where 

 they close at the stem or prow. Hence, 

 among seamen, that arc of the horizon 

 (not exceeding 45) intercepted between 

 some distant object and that point of the 

 compass which is right ahead is said to 

 be on the bow. This is applicable to any 



object within that arc. ?. The bows of a 



saddle are the two pieces of wood laid arch- 

 wise to receive the upper part of a horse's 

 back, to give the saddle its due form, and 



keep it tight. 8. That part of some 



buildings which projects from a straight 

 wall, most commonly of the form of a 

 segment of a cylinder, though it has 

 sometimes three, four, or five vertical 

 sides, raised from a polygonal plan, or a 

 prism so disposed, when it is called a 

 canted bow. 



BOW-COMPASSES are used for drawing 

 small circles with great exactness. 



BOYV'ER, in nautical language, an anchor 

 carried at the bow of a ship. There are 

 generally two bowers, called theyirst and 

 second, great and little, or best and trnali. 

 See ANCHOR. 



