R I 



162 



BRI 



..Her it is equal to 4 minims :nd is called 

 imperfect; but when dotted, it is equal t 

 6 minims, and is called perfect, this being 

 three-eighths of a large, and the greatest 

 length it can assume. 



BREV'ET, a term borrowed from the 

 Trench, in which it signifies a royal act 

 granting some favour or privilege, and 

 applied in Britain and America to nominal 

 rank in the army higher than that for 

 which pay is received. 



BRE'VIARY, the book containing the 

 daily service of the Romish Church ; 

 matins, lauds, prime, third, sixth, nones, 

 and vespers. Named breviarum, ofbrei-is, 



short. 



BREVI'ATO 

 BREVI'ER, 



R. See ABBREVIATOR. 

 i si/e of types for letter-press 



printing, smaller than bourgeois and 

 larger than minion. 



BRBV'IPED, a fowl having short legs 

 brevig and pes. The martinet is an ex- 

 ample. 



BREVIPEN'NES (brevis andpemia). The 

 name given by Cuvier to a family of birds 

 of the grallic order, distinguished by the 

 shortness of the wines which renders 

 fight impossible. The ostrich and casso- 

 Trary are examples. 



BRICI 



military order instituted 



by St. Bridget, Queen of Sweden; also 

 tie members of this order. 



BRICK, Teut. brike. A sort of factitious 

 Btone, composed of an argillaceous earth 

 tampered and formed in moulds, dried in 

 tie sun, and finally burnt to a proper 

 degree of hardness in a clamp or kiln. 

 l^e different kinds of bricks made in 

 r.agland are principally place bricks and 

 St'jcks, gray and red bricks, marl-facing 

 bricks, and cutting bricks. The place 

 tricks and stocks are used in common 

 yalling. The marls, which are su- 

 p-jrior to the stocks, are of a fine yellow 

 c >lonr, and are used in the outside of 

 buildings. The cutting bricks are the 

 t^cst kind of the marl and red bricks, 

 aud are used in arches over windows 

 arl doors, being rubbed to a centre and 

 gtoiged to a height. 



'3RicK-NoG'oiNo, brick-work carried up 

 anci filled in between timber-framing. 



BRICK-TRIMMER, an arch abutting 

 against the wooden-trimmer in front of a 

 fire- place, to guard against accidents by 

 fire. 



BRIDGE, Sax. brigge. A structure of 

 masonry, carpentry, or iron-work, built 

 over a river, canal, or valley, for the con- 

 venience of passing from one side to the 

 other. The extreme supports of a bridge, 



the bridge, are called parapets. Bridges 

 have various names according to the mooe 

 of structure, materials composing them, 

 and the particular uses for which they 

 are designed. A draw-bridge is one made 

 with hinges, and may be raised, or opened 

 and lowered, or shut at pleasure. A-flv- 

 bridge is made of pontoons, light-boats, 

 hollow-beams, empty casks, and the like, 

 for the passage of armies. This name is 

 also given to a kind of ferry-boat con- 

 structed so as to resemble above the road- 

 way of a bridge, and in such a manner as 

 to be readily moved from one side of u. 

 river to the other by means of a rhair.- 

 cable. Pendent -bridges or suspension 

 bridges, are supported on strong iron 

 chains or rods, hanging in the form of an 

 inverted arch from one point of support 

 to another. Floating-bridges are stationary 

 rafts of timber extending from one shore 

 to the other, and may either be perman- 

 ent, or, like the military fly-bridge, may 

 be erected for the special occasion. - 

 Bridge is also the name of several things 

 similar in figure to a bridge, as the b>*id<it 

 of the nose, the cartilage which separates 

 tee nostrils ; the bridge of a violin, the 

 perpendicular piece of board which sup 

 ports the strings. Gunners also use the 

 word bridge, to denote the two pieces of 

 wood which go between the transums of a 

 gun-carriage, on which the bed rests. 



BRIDGE-OVER, in carpentry, when any 

 number of parallel timbers hare another 

 piece of timber fixed over them in a trans- 

 verse direction, then the transverse piece 

 is said to bridge-over the pieces which are 

 parallel ; e. g. the common rafters, in 

 framed roofing, bridge-over the purlins. 



BRIDGE'- 



a stone laid in a hori- 



zontal direction over an area, extending 

 from the pavement to the entrance-door 

 of a house, and not supported by an arch. 

 BRIDG'ING- FLOORS, floors in which 

 bridging-joists are used. See NAKED- 

 FLOORING. 



BRIDG'ING-JOI=TS, pieces of timber or 

 oists in naked-flooring, extending in a 

 direction parallel to the girder, and sup- 

 ported by beams called binding-joists. It 

 's to the bridging-joists that the flooring 

 is nailed. 



BRIDG'ING - PIECES. See STRAIKIVG - 



ECES and STRUTTINO-PIECES. 



BRI'DLE, Sax. bridd. 1 . That part of the 



rniture of a horse's head which 



to guide the animal. The principal part" 

 are the bit or snaffle which goes into thi- 

 horse's mouth; the headstall, which is 

 . the leather that goes round the head; 



whether it have one arch or a series of j the fillet, that lies over the forehead: 

 arches (see ARCH), are called abutments or | the throat-band, which buttons under the 

 butments; the parts between the arches 



ar* called piers or pillars ; and the fences 

 01 the aide of the bridge-way, for pre- 

 venting the pawengen from falling over 



throat; the reins which the rider holds. 

 the nose-band, buckled under the cheeks : 

 the trench, the caveson,the martino'd. )>' 

 the chaff-halter. 3. A short piece of 



