BRO 



165 



BUB 



HIOOCH, a painting all of one colour. 



BKOOM. The common broom, a well- 

 known shrub in Britain, is the Cytisua 

 tccparius, De Cand., or the Spartium sco- 

 parium, Eng. Bot. The Spanish broom, fin 

 ornamental flowering shrub, common in 

 English gardens, and exceedingly plenti- 

 ful in some parts of Spain, where many 

 articles are manufactured from its twigs 

 *nd bark, is the Spartium junceum of bo- 

 tanists. The word broom is Sax. brttm, 

 the root of bramble, and is now the name 

 of a besom for sweeping floors ; besoms 

 being originally made, as they still are 

 for various coarser uses, of the broom- 

 plant, though heath is now often used 

 for the purpose. 



BROOM'-COON, the yellow-seeded Indian 

 millet (Holcus saccharatw) , an annual 

 plant peculiar to warm climates. It bears 

 a head of which brooms are made. 



BROOM'-KAPE, a name common to all 

 the plants of the genus Orobanche, be- 

 cause the roots, being often attached to 

 broom and furze, and other leguminosae, 

 are supposed to injure them. 



BROS'IMUM, a genus of arborescent 

 plants common in the West Indies and 

 South America. IHaecia Monandria. 

 Named from /SgcatrifAoe , eatable. The 

 Bread-nut tree, the Milk- wood tree, and 

 the Cow-tree are species of this genus. 



BROTHERHOOD or GOD, an association 

 formed in the 12th century in Guienne, 

 for the purpose of abolishing war. The 

 members took an oath to be reconciled to 

 their enemies, and to attack all who should 

 refuse to lay down their arms. 



BROW'-ANTLER. 1. The first start that 



grows on a deer's head. 2. The branch 



of a deer's horn next the tail. 



BROWN, Sax. brun. A dusky colour 

 inclining to redness ; but the shades are 

 various, as Spanish -brown, London- 

 brown, clove-brown, and tawny-brown. 

 Brown is obtained by admixture of red, 

 black, and yellow. 



BROWN-BILL, a weapon formerly used 

 T>y English foot soldiers. 



BROWN'EA, a genus of plants. Monadel- 

 phiaDecandria. 



BROWNING, a process by which the sur- 

 face of several articles of iron acquires a 

 shining brown lustre. It is chiefly em- 

 ployed for the barrels of fowling-pieces 

 and soldiers' rifles, to conceal the fire- 

 arms from the game and the enemy. The 

 material commonly employed to produce 

 this colour is the chloride (butter) of an- 

 timony, called, from its uses in purposes 

 of this kind, bronzing talt. 



BROWN'ISTS, a religious sect, the Inde- 

 peitdettts, so called from their founder 

 Eobert Brown. 



BROWS-SPAR, a magnesian carbonate of 

 lime, tinged by oxide of iron and man 



BROW-POST, a name given by builder?, 

 to a beam that goes across a building. 



BRU'CEA, a genus of shrubby trees. 

 Dicecia Tetrandria. There are two spe- 

 cies, natives of Abyssinia and Sumatra. 

 The genus is named in honour of Mr. 

 Bruce, the traveller in Abyssinia, who 

 first brought the seeds of the Abyssinian 

 species (JB. ferruginea) into Europe. 



BRU'CIA, ) a vegetable alkali obtained 



BRU'CINE, } from the false Angustura 

 bark (the bark of the Brucea pseudo-fer- 

 ruginea] ; hence its name. 



BRU'CITE, a mineral of a pale brown 

 colour (often) , and called also chondrodite 

 and hemiprismatic chrysolite. It was 

 named Brucite, after Mr. Bruce, an 

 American mineralogist. It consists chiefly 

 of magnesia and silica, coloured with 

 oxide of iron. 



BRUIS'ER, a concave tool used in grind- 

 ing the specula of telescopes. 



BRCIS'WORT, a species of soapwort. the 

 Saponaria officinalis, supposed to be bene- 

 ficial in the cure of bruises of the flesh. 



BRUMAI'RE, intheFrench revolutionary 

 calendar, the foggy month (November. 1 , 

 brume, fog. 



BRUNS'WICK-GREEN, a pigment composed 

 of carbonate of copper, with chalk or 

 lime, and sometimes a little magnesia or 

 ammonia. It may be prepared by adding 

 ammonia to sulphate of copper and alum. 

 It is called also Bremen. 



BRUSH'-WHEELS, wheels sometimes used 

 in light machinery, to turn each other by 

 means of bristles or brushes fixed to their 

 circumferenc*. 



BRU'TA, the second order of Mammalia 

 in the Linnaean system of zoology, com- 

 prehending those animals which have no 

 front teeth in either jaw, as the elephant, 

 rhinoceros, walrus, sloth, &c. 



BRUTE'-WEIGHT, gross-weight, in con- 

 tradistinction to net-M-eight. 



BRYO'JJIA, the Bryony: an extensive 

 genus of plants. Honaecia SwigeMna. 

 Name from j3$uiu to shoot, in allusion \o 

 its rapid growth. The B. dioica, Jacq., a 

 perennial found in thickets, is the only 

 English spades. Flowers dioecious ; ber- 

 ries red. 



BU'BO, a swelling of a lymphatic glan.i, 

 particularly of the groin (/3t/i>y) or 

 axilla. The root of the word is Hc-b. 

 bobo, which is a reduplicate of the \exb 

 boe, to swell. 



BD'BON , a genus of umbelliferous plants. 

 Pentandria Digynia. Name from iSevZait, 

 the groin, because one of its species, the 

 Macedonian parsley (B.macedonicttnij, was 

 supposed to cure swellings (bubos) then 1 . 

 BCBONOCE'LE, inguinal hernia, from. 

 ya;x, the groin, and xr.Ky, a tumour. 



BCBONOREX'IS, I from st/oanr,tho groin, 



IJL'uoNOKix'j-. ) nnd ^r,^t;, a rupturn. 



