BUR 



172 



BUR 



questionably rank as the first in the 

 wond. 



BURGUNDY PITCH, a resin, the produce 

 Of the Pinus abies, or spruce fir. It takes 

 its name from Burgundy in France, where 

 it was first prepared. A fictitious resin is 

 made in England under the name of com- 

 mon Burgundy pitch, and the Norway 

 spruce fir yields a resin which is* often 

 called Burgundy pitch ; it is the Abietas 

 rtsina or thus (common frankincense] of 

 the London pharmacopoeias. 



BURG'WARD, a bulwark, Latinised by 

 the writers of the middle ages, burgu-ardus 

 or burgtcardivm. The name has been 

 used to designate the town, and even the 

 country about such a fortress. 



BURIN (Fr. burin), a graver. An instru- 

 ment of tempered steel used for engraving 

 on copper, &c. It is of a prismatic form, 

 having one end inserted in a short wooden 

 handle, and the other ground off obliquely 

 eo as to produce a point. 



BURL'ER, a dresser of cloth. 



BUKLES'UUE, Fr. from It. burlesco, from 

 b+rlare, to ridicule, burla, mockery. Sur- 

 leifue signifies the low comic arising from 

 a ludicrous mixture of things high and 

 low, as when Hudibras describes the 

 glorious sun rising from his bed in the 

 morning like a boiled lobster. In good 

 burlesque composition there is a well 

 maintained contrast between the manner 

 and the subject. 



BURLET'TA, a light, comic species of mu- 

 sical drama, which derives its name from 

 It. burla, raillery. It originated in Italy. 



BCJI'NET, a name common to all the 

 plants of the genus Poterium, from Celtic 

 burne, moist, the only British species, 

 P. s>anguisorba, or common burnet, in- 

 habiting moist places. 



BUR'NET-SAXITRAGE, a name common 

 to all the plants of the genus Pimpinclla, 

 of which there are four British species, 

 all perennials. 



BURNING-GLASS. ) A glass lens, which 



BURN'ING-MIR'ROR. ) being exposed di- 

 rectly to the sun, refracts the rays which 

 fall upon it into a focus, is called a burn- 

 ing-gla**. If the solar rays be similarly 

 collected by reflection from the surface of 

 a concave mirror, this is then called a 

 burning-mirror. The burning glass is the 

 mos*; convenient instrument, but its power 

 is on:j about a fourth of that of a concave 

 mirio/ or reflector of equal extent and 

 curvature. This reflects more heat than 

 the yiass allows to pass through it, has a 

 less -bcal distance, and is free from the 

 dissipation of rays which takes place in 

 the burning-glass, since it reflects them 

 all nearly to the same point, whereas the 

 burning-glass refracts them to diffeient 

 points. 



BUR'NISHER, a blunt, smooth tool used 

 for smoothing and polishing a rnugh sur- 



face by pressure, and not by removing 

 any part of the body. Agates, polished 

 stool, ivory, dogs' teeth, &c., are used for 

 burnishing. 



BURR. 1. The lobe of the ear. 2. 



The round knob of a deer's horn, next the 

 head. 3. The sweetbread. 



BUR'REL-FLY, the ox-fly, gad-bee or 

 breeze. Fr. bourreler, to torment. 



BUR'REL-SHOT, small shot, nails, pieces 

 of old iron, small stones, &c., put into 

 cases to be discharged among the enemy. 

 Fr. bourreler, to torment. 



BURRH'-STONE, mill-stone which is al- 

 most pure silex : it has generally a rod- 

 dish or yellowish tinge, but the best is 

 nearly white. It is full of pores anil 

 cavities, which give it a corroded and 

 cellular appearance. The name is somo- 

 times written buhr-$tone. 



BCR'RO< K, a small weir or dam where 

 wheels are laid in a river for catching fish. 



BURR-POMP, a bilge-jnimp (q. v.). This 

 term is a corruption of bar -pump, this kind 

 of pump having a staff of six or eight feet 

 long, with a bar of wood, to which the 

 leather which serves instead of a box is 

 nailed. This staff is worked by men, who 

 pull it up and dowu by a rope fastened tot 

 the middle of it. 



BcR'sA,Lat. from /2v$<rot, a bag, a purse. 

 Used by writers of the middle ages to 

 denote a little college or hall in a univer- 

 sity for the residence of students. 



BURSAL'OGY, Lat. bursnlogia. The doc- 

 trine of the burs niucosse. 



BI-R'SA MUCOSA, in anatomy, a smafl 

 sac lined with synovial membrane, which 

 secretes an oily fluid to lubricate the sur- 

 faces over which the tendons of muscles 

 play. The bursae mucosa? are of different 

 sizes, and are situated near the joints, 

 particularly the large joints of the ex- 

 tremities. 



BUR'SAR a student to whom a stipend is 

 paid out of a burse or fund appropriated 

 for the maintenance of poor students. 

 The exhibitioners sent to the universities 

 of Scotland by the presbyteries are bursars, 

 and the annual stipend paid to each is a 

 bursary. 



BURSARY. 1. The treasury of a coUepe. 

 2. In Scotland, an exhibition or foun- 

 dation for the maintenance of poor stu- 

 dents (bursarii). 



BCRSE, a public edifice in some cities 

 for the meeting of merchants to consult 

 on matters of trade and money, and to 

 negotiate bills of exchange. This is the 

 name used fe many cities of Europe, but 

 in Britain and America the building is 

 called a.n Exchange. The term is a mo 

 dern application of the word bursa ,'q. v. 



BURS'CBEN, the name given to one an 

 other by the students of the German uni- 

 versities ; from bttrwrii, the name whi<J> 



