C JE C 



179 



CAP 



Ing of soldiers, who are now tried only 

 by their own officers. 



CADME'AN, ) relating to Cadmus, a re- 



CAD'MIAN, J puted prince of Thebes, 

 who introduced into Greece the 16 

 iiuiple letters of [the alphabet ; , 6, -y, 

 J, t, /, x, X, /a, v, , tr, e, <r, f> " These 

 are called Cadmean letters. 



CAI/MIA, xxSpiot. A name which has 

 been given to a variety of substances, but 

 is now chiefly used to denote an oxide of 

 zinc which collects on the sides of fur- 

 naces where zinc is sublimed, as in 

 brass founderies. This is more commonly 

 called tutty. Cobalt has been called me- 

 tallic cadmia and native cadmia ; and cala- 

 >ie is named fossil cadmia in some old 

 books. 



CAD'MIUM. a metal discovered about the 

 beginning of 1818 by M. Stromeyer in an 

 oxide of zinc (cadmia or l-utty}. It has 

 since been found in several of the ores of 

 that metal, especially in the Silesian na- 

 tive oxide, which contains from 1$ to 11 

 per cent, of cadmium. It has the colour 

 and lustre of tin, but is harder and more te- 

 nacious, and is susceptible of a fine polish. 

 It is very ductile and malleable, melts at 

 about the same temperature as tin, and is 

 nearly as volatile as mercury, condensing 

 like it into globules which have a metallic 

 lustre: its vapours have no smell. Sp. 

 gr. 8'6. 



CADU'CA-BO'NA, an old law term, signi- 

 fying goods (bona) forfeited (caduca) to 

 the treasury of the prince. 



CADV'CEUS (Latiii)< Mercury's rod. A 

 white rod carried by the Roman heralds 

 (caduceatorii) when they went to treat of 

 peace : thus named d cadendo, quid cadere 

 faciat contentions*. The rod was of laurel 

 or olive, with two little wings on the 

 upper end, two serpents twined about it, 

 with their heads turned towards each 

 other, and their crests not bristled, em- 

 blematic of peace. Among the moderns 

 the caduceus is an emblem of commerce. 



CADC'CIBRANCHIA'TES, Lat. caducus, 

 fading, and branchiae, gills. Batrachians 

 which lose their branchial apparatus be- 

 fore reaching maturity, as the frog, toad. 

 &c. 



CADC'COCS, in Lat. caducus, falling off. 

 Applied in botany to leaves which fall 

 before the end of summer; to a calyx 

 which drops at the first opening of the 

 petals, or even before, as in the poppy ; to 

 petals which are scarcely unfolded before 

 they fall off, as in thalictrum, and to parts 

 which fall off before the unfolding of the 

 flower or leaf, as the perianth of the pa- 

 )>ui-er, and the stipiileeof the pruntu avnim. 



C.scA,Lat. e<ecns, blind. In comparative 

 anatomy, the blind processes of the alimen- 

 tary canal. 



C-s'cf* (/xi<m),the blind gut. The first 



portion of the large intestine, situated in 

 the right iliac region. It is so named 

 from ctfcits, blind, because it is perforated 

 at one end only. 



CAER , in British antiquity, a term which, 

 like the Saxon Chester, denotes castle, and 

 is prefixed to the names of places fortified 

 by the Romans. 



OXSALPI'NIA, the brasiletto. A genus of 

 arborescent plants, all natives of hot cli- 

 mates. Decandria-Monogynia. Named 

 in honour of A. Capsalpinus, chief physi- 

 cian to Pope Clement VIII. All the plants 

 of this genus afford wood which is used 

 in dyeing: these woods are known in 

 commerce under the names of Brazil 

 woods. 



C.GSA'RIAN OPERATION, ) the operation 



CJESARE'AN SECTION, J i of making: a:i 

 incision into the uterus, to extract the 

 child, either after the death of the mother, 

 or when the obstacles to delivery are so 

 great as to leave no other alternative. It 

 is so named, because Julius Caesar is said 

 to have been brought into the world iu 

 this manner. 



C.sTrs, the boxing-glove of the Gre- 

 cian and Roman pugilists. 



C.ES'URA, in Latin verse, the separation 

 of the last syllable of any word from those 

 which precede it, and the carrying it for- 

 ward into another foot. It always ren- 

 ders the syllable on which it falls long, 

 and is accompanied with a slight pause, 

 called the ctesural pause, as in the follow- 

 ing line : 



Ille ia | ttts nive | urn mol | li ful | tus 

 hyacintho. 



In English verse the ca?sura is equivalent 

 to a pause. 



CJETERIS PARIBUS, a Latin phrase, used 

 by writers on physical science, to signify 

 other things being equal ; e. g. the heavier 

 the bullet, cceterisparibus, the greater the 

 range ; i. e. the heavier the bullet, the 

 length and diameter of the piece, and the 

 strength of the powder being the same, the 

 greater will be the range of the piece of 

 ordnance. 



CAFFEIN', \ a chemical principle dis- 



CAFEINE', J covered in coffee (caff), by 

 Robiquet. It is a white volatile matter, 

 sparingly soluble in cold water, but 

 readily dissolved by boiling water or 

 alcohol, from which it is again deposited 

 on cooling in silky filaments. It contains 

 more nitrogen than most animal mutters, 

 but never undergoes putrefaction. 



CAFFILA, in oriental rotintrirs.u company 

 of travellers or merchants. It differs from 

 a cam ran by being in the employ of some 

 sovereign or company. The root of the 

 word is Arabic, kaff, a companion. 



CAF'TAN , the national lirrssot' the Turks, 

 iu the form of a Bight-gown, and gene- 

 rally white, with pale yellow [lowers. It 



N 2 



