C AL 1 



CAL'ICO, a species of cotton cloth, named 

 from Calicut, in India, where it was first 

 manufactured. In England, unprinted 

 cotton cloth is called calico; in AD. erica, 

 the cloth is called calico after it is printed ; 

 in Scotland, white cotton cloth or calico 

 is called blunk. 



CAL'ICO-PRINTING, the art of applying 

 colours to cloth after it has come from the 

 hand of the weaver, in such a manner as 

 to form patterns or figures. This art is 

 sometimes practised upon silks, linens, 

 and woollens, but most frequently upon 

 that species of cotton cloth called calico : 

 whence the name. 



CAL'IDRIS, the name given by Cuvier to 

 the sandpipers, and by Vigors to the sand- 

 erlings (the arenaria of Bechstein). Both 

 of the subgenera of birds are compre- 

 hended in the genus Scolopax, Lin. The 

 name was originally applied to some bird 

 of this genus. 



CAL'IGO (Latin), darkness : appropriate- 

 ly, a disease of the eye, causing dimness 

 of sight or blindness. Its cause is the 

 interposition of some opaque body be- 

 tween the object and the retina: hence 

 there are many species. 



CA'LIPH, the name assumed by the suc- 

 cessors of Mohammed in the government 

 of the faithful, and in the high priesthood. 

 The term is Arabic, and means vicegerent. 

 The title is borne by the grand signior in 

 Turkey, and the sophi in Persia. Caliph- 

 ate is the government or jurisdiction of a 

 caliph. 



CALIP'PIC PERIOD, in chronology, a period 

 of 76 years continually recurring, after 

 which it was supposed by Calippus, that 

 the lunations, &c., of the moon would 

 return again in the same order (which is 

 not exact, as it brings them too late by a 

 day in 225 years). 



CALIX'TINS, a sect of Hussites in Bohe- 

 mia, who differed from the Catholics 

 chiefly in giving the communion cup to 

 laymen. They are called also Utraquists. 



CALK, to drive oakum into the seams of 

 planks to prevent the entrance of water. 

 After the oakum is driven in, it is covered 

 with melted pitch or resin to preserve it 

 from the action of the water. In some 

 parts of America the term calk is used 

 substantively in the same sense as calkin 

 in England and calker in Scotland; and, 

 as a verb, to set calks upon horses' 

 shoes. 



CALK'EBS, in S-ottand, the sharp pointed 

 armature of a horse's shoes, put on to 

 prevent the animal's feet from slipping 

 on ice, &c. The word is properly thalkers, 

 and has reference in its etymology to the 

 white lines which the calkers niake on 

 the ice : hence the term is often used to 

 designate such lines. 



CAIK'INO. 1. Stopping the eeanm of a 



3 C AL 



ship with oakum. 2. Arming a horse'i 



shoes with calkins. 3. Covering the 



back of a design with black lead or red 

 chalk, and, with a sharp point, tracing 

 lines through on a wax plate or other pre- 

 pared surface, which leaves an outline 

 impression on the plate or other surface. 

 This is more commonly called tracing. 



CALK'IG-IRON, an iron instrument like 

 a chisel, to force the oakum into the seams 

 of ships. 



CALK'INS, in England, the sharp pointed 

 armature of a horse's shoes. See CALKERS. 



CALL. 1. The cry of a bird to its young 



or to its mate at coupling time. 2. A 



sort of pipe used by fowlers to catch birds 



by imitating their notes. 3. Among 



sportsmen, a lesson blown on the horn of 

 the keeper to encourage the dogs in their 



search of game. 4. Among seamen, the 



boatswain's whistle. 5. The invitation 



of a Scotch congregation to a preacher to 

 become its pastor. 6. A short visit. 



CALLICH'T-XS, a genus of Malacoptery- 

 gious abdominal fish, related to tha 

 salmon-tribe. Name from xoe.KXot, beau- 

 tiful, and i%rvt , &fish. 



CALLICOC'CA, a genus of plants, Pentar,- 

 dria Monogynia. Name from %ot,}.Xo{, 

 beautiful, and xoxxof, berry. Ipecacuanha 

 is afforded by a Peruvian species of this 

 genus, C. Ipecacuanha. 



CALLiG'HAPHY,Gr. from acAAj, beauty, 

 and y^etQia, I write. The art of beautifu. 

 writing. 



CALLION'YMUS. 1. A genus of Acan- 

 thopterygious fishes, placed among the 

 Gobioides by Cuvier. The dragonet is 

 a species. Name, xotKXH>vi>[ju>;, given by 



Pliny to an undetermined sprcips. 2. 



The lily of the valley, a species of Con- 

 vallaria. 



CALLI'OPE, one of the Muses (q. v.); 

 daughter of Jupiter and Mnemosyne. She 

 presided over eloquence and heroic 

 poetry. KAAo? and o'4 . 



CALLIS'THENICS. See GYMNASTICS. 



CAL'LOCS, from callus, hard. Indurated. 

 Applied to parts of organized bodies which 

 are morbidly hard. When there is a 

 thickening of enamel upon any particular 

 part of a shell, resembling a tumor, it is 

 termed callous or a callosity, this is ob- 

 served among spiral shells, in the inner lip 

 of the Olives, Naticre, and many others ; 

 and is very common near the hinge of 

 certain bivalves. 



CALL'UNA, the common heath or ling, 

 Erica vulgaris, ol which there are many 

 varieties known in Britain. Name from 

 A.X7>><v, to adorn, which is peculiarly 

 applicable, whether we consider the 

 beauty of its flowers or the circumstance 

 that brooms are made of its twigs. It it 

 the Vde ->f the clan Macdonell. 



