C A M 



C AM 



CAM.S'A, a semi- pellucid gem, approach- 

 ing to the onyx in structure, being com- 

 posed of zones, and formed on a crystalline 

 basis. 



CAMAI'EO , a variety of onyx, or any gem 

 whereon there are various natural figures. 

 From, tamahuia, an oriental name of the 

 onyx. This name has also been generally 

 given to all precious stones whereon lapi- 

 daries employ their art, to perfect their 

 natural beauty. Camaieu is also used 

 synonymously with cameo (q.v.), and to 

 designate a painting wherein there is 

 only one colour, and where the lights and 

 shades are of gold, wrought on a golden 

 or azure ground. "When the ground is 

 yellow, the French call it cirage; when 

 gray, .grissaile. The Greeks called pieces 

 of this sort ^va^j^tuxra- 



CAMAL'DOLITES, I an order of hermits 



C^MALDU'LIANS, ) and monks, founded 

 in 1012, by St.Romuald, in the valley of 

 Camaldoli", near Arezzo, in the Apennines, 

 and confirmed by Pope Alexander III. 



CAM'ANDAO, I a tree of the Philippine 



CAM'ANDASO*, j islands, which has not 

 teen classed botanically. Its juice, called 

 tague, is used by the natives to poison 

 their arrows. 



CAMARILLA, Span. The little or private 

 chamber of the Sovereign of Spain. The 

 term is generally applied to his imme- 

 diate confidants, and is then synonymous 

 with clique. 



CAMARO'MA, ) camaration, a species of 



CAMAKO'SIS, I fracture of the skull where 

 the bones present the appearance of an 

 arch or vault (nafMtfet). Camarosit has 

 also been used by architects to denote an 

 elevation terminating with an arched or 

 vaulted head. 



CAM'BER, in architecture, an arch on the 

 top of an aperture, or on the top of a 

 beam. The term is from Fr. cambrer, to 

 arch, probably from xa.iMx.^a, an arch. 



CAM'BER- BE AM, a piece of timber cut 

 with an obtuse angle on the upper edge, 

 so as to form a declivity on each side 

 from the middle of their length. Beams 

 of this description are used in truncated 

 roofs, being covered with boards and the 

 boards covered with lead, to discharge 

 the rain-water towards each end of the 

 platform. 



CAMBERED-DECK, an arched deck declin- 

 ing towards the stem and stern. 



CAMBER-WINDOWS, windows which are 

 arched above. 



CAMBERING, arching, as the deck lies 

 cambering. 



CAM'BICM, Lat- from camliio, to ex- 

 change. In physiology . 1. The nutri- 

 tious humour which is changed into the 

 materials of which the body is composed. 

 2. The gelatinous substance or mat- 

 ter of organisation supposed to pro- 



duce the young bark and new wood of 

 plants. 



CAMB'ODIA, i Gamboge: thus named from 



CAMB'OOIA, t a river in Transgangetic 

 India, on the banks of which the tree 

 that affords the gum is produced. Set 

 GAMBOGE. 



CAM'BRASIXE. a species of fine linen 

 made in Egypt, and named from its re- 

 semblance to cambric. 



C\M'BRTAS ROCKS, the name given by 

 Sedgwick to a group of rocks placed below 

 the Silurian rocks, from their being ex- 

 tensively developed in North Wales, the 

 ancient name of which is Cambria. 



CAM'BRIC, a sort of fine linen, thus 

 named from its being first made at Cam- 

 bray, in French Flanders. A good imita- 

 tion is now produced extensively in this 

 country from fine cotton yarn hard 

 twisted. 



CA'ME, a slender rod of cast lead, ol 

 which glaziers make their turned or 

 milled lead for joining the panes or quar- 

 rels of glass. 



CAM'EL, Lat. camelus. 1. The English 

 name of the camel-genus of quadrupeds. 



2. A machine used first by the Dutch 



for lifting ships over the Pampas, at the 

 mouth of the river Y, or over other bars. 

 It consists of two half ships so constructed 

 that they can be applied below water, on 

 each side of the hull of a vessel. On the 

 camel's deck are a great many horizontal 

 windlasses, from which ropes proceed 

 through apertures in the one half, and 

 being carried under the keel of the vessel, 

 enter similar apertures in the other half, 

 from which they are conveyed to the 

 windlasses on its deck. When the appa- 

 ratus is to be used, as much water as may 

 be necessary is suffered to run into the 

 parts: all the ropes are cast loose, the 

 vessel is conducted between the divisions 

 of the camel, and the ropes are then made 

 fast, so that the ship is secured in its 

 place. The water is then pumped out of 

 the parts of the camel, by which they 

 rise and float the ship between them. 

 Thus, ships of 100 guns can be raised to 

 pass without grounding the shallow banks 

 of the Zuyder-Zee. The Russians use 

 similar machines to float vessels built in 

 the Neva, over the bar at Cronstadt. The 

 machine takes its name from its supposed 

 resemblance to a camel, called kameel by 

 the Dutch. 



CAM'ELEOX. See CHAMELEON. 



CAMEL'ID^E, the camel-tribe of quadru- 

 ped ; xa.u.rj.ot, a camel, and g<Sax, like. 

 The camel is the type. 



CAMEL'INA, ttegold-of -pleasure : a genus 

 of European annuals. Tetradynainia 

 Siliciilosa. Xauied from caniehu, because 

 camels are supposed to be fond of it. (The 

 nance gold*of-pleas\trr., is by some given t* 



