CAN 



189 



C A*. 



88:Fahr., and boil? at 400, burns with 

 * bright nam! and much smoke at higher 

 Temperature's. Sp. <rr. 984 ; constituents 

 carbon, 6. hydrogen, 1, oxygen, 1. It 

 wan introduced into Europe by the Ara- 

 bians, under the names camper and ca- 

 Jonr, Latinised camphora, whence camphor. 



OAM'PHORATE, a salt formed by the 

 union of the camphoric acid with a base. 



CAM'PHORATED, containing camphor ; 

 e. g. camphorated spirit of wine. 



CAMPHOR'IC ACID, an acid obtained by 

 repeated distillations of nitric acid from 

 camphor. It combines with the earthy, 

 alkaline, and metallic bases, and forms 

 alts called camphorates. 



CAM'PHOR On, a fragrant essential oil, 

 obtained in large quantities by heating 

 the wood of the Dryobalanops camphora. 

 It is cheap and forms a good substitute 

 for spirit of turpentine in the arts. 



CAM'PIWE, a name given to the Dona- 

 tists, from their meeting in fields (campi) 

 for want of churches. 



CAMI-ULU'ROPCS, Gr. from xa.p.VTiu, 1 

 curve, and T^.TU, I turn. In botany such 

 ovules as bend down upon themselves till 

 their apex touches the base. 



CAM'WOOD, a red dye-wood, the colour- 

 ing matter of which seems to differ little 

 from that of the common Nicaragua 

 wood, either in quality or quantity. It 

 is principally obtained from the vicinity 

 of Sierra Leone. 



CAN-BUOY, a buoy of the form of a cone, 

 made large and sometimes painted. 



CAN-HOOK, in ships, an instrument to 

 sling a cask by the ends of the staves, 

 formed by reeving a piece of rope through 

 two flat hooks, and splicing the ends to- 

 gether. 



CAN'ADA BALSAM, one of the purest tur- 

 pentines. It is obtained from the Pinus 

 balsamea, a tree found in Canada. 



CAN'ADA Rics, a name common to all 

 the species of the genus Zizania, but 

 especially applied to the Z. aquatica, a 

 Can&dian perennial. 



OINA'U. the coarer part of meal. The 

 term is Fr. canaille, refuse, dregs. 



CANA/L, T.ai. ,-analis, a pipe .1. An arti- 

 ficial channel filled with water, kept at 

 the desired level by means of locks or 

 sluices, and forming a communication be- 

 tween two, or more places. 2. In archi- 

 tecture this word is sometimes used for 

 the flulings of a column or pilaster. The 

 canal of the volnie is a spiral channel com- 

 mencing at the eye of the Ionic capital, 

 and expanding in width until the whole 

 number of revolutions are completed. The 

 canal of the Ltirmier ie a groove recessed 

 on the soffit of the larmier upwards, to 

 prevent the rain-water from running 



down the bed of the cornice. 3. Inw- 



chology, the groove or gutter observable 



in different parts of certain spiral shells, 

 belonging to the carnivorous tribe (Zoo- 

 phaga),is called the canal. 4. In phy- 

 siology, any duct or passage in the body, 

 through which any of the fluids or juices 

 flow, or other substances pass. 



CANALIC'CLATE, Lat. canaliculalus, chan- 

 nelled ; furrowed. 



CANALIF'ERA, Lat. canalis, a canal, and 

 fero, I bear. Zoophagous univalves, the 

 shell of which is characterised by a long 

 straight canal terminating its mouth. 



CANAR'DIERE, a small turret or sentry- 

 box, sometimes erected on the salient 

 angles of works to serve as a shelter to a 

 sentinel. Formerly canardieres were con- 

 structed on castles to shelter the warriors 

 when they discharged their missiles. 



CANA'RY-GRASS, a name common to all 

 the species of the genus phalarw, but es- 

 pecially applied to the P. canariensis, 

 brought from the Canary Islands, but 

 now naturalised in Britain. It affords 

 the canary-seed. 



CANAS'TER, the rush basket in which 

 tobacco is packed in South America. 



CANCELLA'RIA, a genus of shell, com- 

 prising many species, some of which are 

 found in a fossil state in the London clay 

 add calc-grossier of Paris. This genus in 

 placed among the Scolyminse by Swain- 

 son. Name from cancelli, lattice-work, 

 the shell being generally reticulated and 

 scabrous. 



CANCELLATED, Lat. cancellatus, reticu- 

 lated ; having the appearance of cancelli. 



CANCELLI (Latin), lattice-work : the 

 divisional lines crossing each other at 

 right angles. 



CAN'CER (Latin), a crab. 1. The crab, & 

 genus of malacostraceous crustaceans of 

 the order Decapoda, and family Brachyura, 

 Cuv. Naturalists have now divided the 

 crabs into swimmers, arcuated, quadrila- 

 teral, orbicular, triangular, &c., differing 

 in shape, the number and form of the 

 spines or teeth, the relative proportion of 

 the eyes and their pedicles, &c. Each 

 of these sections is again divided into 



numerous genera. 2. The crab, one of 



the signs of the zodiac, being the sign of 

 the summer solstice, and represented upon 

 the globe by the figure of a crab. In 

 books it is marked og A lesser circle of 

 the sphere parallel to the equator, and 

 passing through the beginning of the sign 



cancer, is called the tropic of cancer. 



3. The cancer, a malignant disease, thus 

 named from the parts affected being raised 

 into a tumour, and surrounded by dilated 

 veins, thereby presenting somewhat the 

 appearance of a crab. lu the first stage 

 of the disease it is called scirrhus. or ocaJt 



CA.N'CERITE, a petrified ciab (cwr). 



