C AO 



194 



CAP 



asters, rustic quoins, or anything which 

 projects beyond the naked wall, it is 

 called a cantoned building. 



CANTONING. In military affairs, the 

 alloting of separate quarters to each regi- 

 ment, the town being divided into as 

 many cantons as there are regiments: the 

 separate quarters thus assigned are called 

 cantonments. 



CAN'TON'S PHOSPHORUS, a composition 

 made by mixing three parts of calcined 

 oyster-shells, with one of flowers of sul- 

 phur, and subjecting them for an hour to 

 a strong heat in a covered crucible. The 

 resulting substance is luminous in the 

 dark. 



CAN'TRED, ) an old British compound 



CAN'TRETH, > of cant, hundred, and tref, 



CAN'TREF, ) village, and signifying a 

 district of 100 villages. In Wales, cantreths 

 answer to hundreds in England. 



CANT-TIMBERS, those timbers which are 

 situated at the two ends of a ship. They 

 derive their name from being canted or 

 raised obliquely from the keel, in contra- 

 distinction to those whose planes are per- 

 pendicular to it. 



CAN'VAS, a coarse, unbleached cloth of 

 hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of ships, 

 painting, and other purposes. Among 

 tailors, sails in general are called canvas. 

 The wtird is from Lat. cannabis, hemp. 



CANZO'NE, Italian, a song or air in two 

 or three parts, with passages of fugue and 

 imitation ; or a poem to which music may 

 be set in the style of a cantata. "\Vheu 

 et to a piece of instrumental music, it 

 ignifies much the same as cantata ; and 

 when set to a sonata it signifies allegro. 



CANZONET', Ital. canzonetta, a little song, 

 In one, two, or three parts. It sometimes 

 consists of two parts, each of which is 

 sung twice. Sometimes it is a species 

 of jig. 



CAOCTCH'OUC. 1. The vegetable sub- 

 stance commonly called India rubber and 

 gum elastic. It is the concrete juice of the 

 Heeva caouchouc and latropa elastica, na- 

 tives of South America, and of the Ficus 

 Indica and Artocarpus integrifolia, which 

 grow in the East Indies. It is a soft 

 yielding solid, of a whitish colour when 

 not blackened by smoke, possesses consi- 

 derable tenacity, and is particularly re- 

 markable for its elasticity. It is inflam- 

 mable, and burns with a bright flame ; is 

 insoluble in water and alcohol, but is 

 soluble in the essential oils, in petroleum 

 and cajeput oil, and readily in the naph- 

 tha purified from coal-tar, which is the 

 sol vent used in the arts. Its constituents 



are carbon 90, hydrogen 10. 2 Mineral 



caoutchouc is a bituminous substance, 

 elastic when soft, but brittle when hard. 

 In ITS appearance it much resembles vege- 

 ttble caoutchouc : whence its name. 



, a peculiar sub*t<mp,c 



obtained by exposing caoutchouc to a 

 temperature of about 600 Fab., when it 

 is resolved into vapour, which, by proper 

 refrigeratory methods, is condensed into 

 an extremely volatile liquid. This liquid 

 has the smallest sp. gr. of any liquid 

 known, whereas in a state of vapour it is 

 heavier than the most ponderous of the 

 gases. It is a solvent (when mixed with 

 alcohol) of all the resins, and mixes 

 readily with oils. 



CAP. In architecture, the uppermost port 

 of an assemblage of parts, or that which 

 crowns the whole. In this sense the 

 term is applied to the capital of a column, 



cornice of a door, &c. In carpentry, a 



thick strong block of wood, used to confine 

 two masts together, when one is erected 

 at the head of the other. 



CAP OF MAINTENANCE, an ornament of 

 state carried before the Sovereigns of 

 England at the coronation. It is also 

 carried before the mayors of some cities. 



CAP-A-PIE Trench), from head to foot; 

 as, armed cap-A-pie. 



CAP-PA'PER, a coarse paper, so called 

 from being used to make caps to hold 

 commodities. 



CAP'-SHEAF, the crowning sheaf of a 

 stack. 



CAPA'CITT, in geometry, the solid con- 

 tents of a body. In natural philosophy, 

 the capacity for heat of bodies denotes 

 their power of absorption of heat. Dif- 

 ferent bodies require different amounts 

 of heat to raise them to the same tem- 

 perature, and they have therefore differ- 

 ent capacities for heat. 



CAPAI'BA, CAPAIVA. See COPAIBA. 



CAPAK'ISON, anciently a sort of iron 

 armour with which war-horses were 

 covered ; latterly, a covering laid over the 

 furniture of a horse, especially a surnpter 

 horse. 



CAP'ELAN, a small fish about six inches 

 long, shoals of which appear off the coasts 

 of Greenland, Iceland, and Newfoundland. 

 It constitutes a large portion of the food 

 of the Greenlandcrs. 



CAPEL'LA, a bright star in the left shoul- 

 der of the constellation Auriga. 



CAPEL'LETS, a disease of horses called 

 vulgarly chaplets. It is a kind of swelling- 

 like a wen, growing on the heel of the 

 hock of the horse. 



CA'PERS, the pickled buds of the capparii 

 spinosa, a low shrub, generally growing 

 out of the joints of old walls and fissures 

 of rocks in most of the warm countries of 

 Europe. 



CAPH, a Jewish measure of earacity 

 equal to five-eighths of an English pint. 



CA'PI-AOA, a Turkish officer who is 

 grand-master of the seraglio. 



CA'PIAS, from capio, to take. In laic, a 

 wit of two sorts: one before judgment, 

 called capias ad respond?wl*m, where aa 



