CAP 



197 



CAR 



tn the direction of the radii. To each of 

 these the force of one or more individuals 

 is applied at the same time. The machine is 

 principally used for raising the anchors of 

 ships. A few turns of the cable are put 

 upon the cylinder ; these are sufficient to 

 prevent it from slipping ; and as one ex- 

 tremity coils itself, the other rolls off and 

 is stowed away. A conical form is given 

 to the cylinder, to counteract the tendency 

 of the cable to move continually from one 

 end to the other, as by this means the coil, 

 when it approaches the lower end, is made 

 to slide up the inclined plane of the sides 

 of the cone. 



CAP'BTONE, a fossil encrinite, or that 

 genus of encrinite known as conulus, thus 

 named from Us supposed resemblance to 

 a cap, rising from a circular base into a 

 tone. 



CAP'SCIAR, Lat. capsularis. 1. Relating 

 to or resembling a capsule. 2. Sur- 

 rounding a part like a bag : applied thus, 

 in anatomy, to a ligament which surrounds 

 every moyeable articulation, and contains 

 the synovia as in a bag. 



CAP'SULATED, Lat. capsulatus, inclosed 

 ID a capsule. 



CAP'SCLE, Lat. capsula, (dim. of capsa, 

 a bag). 1. In botany, a membranous or 

 woody seed-vessel, internally consisting 

 of one or more cells splitting into several 

 valves, and sometimes discharging its con- 

 tents through pores or orifices, or falling 

 off entire with the seed. From the number 

 of its valves, a capsule is said to be one, 

 two, three, four, Jive, ormany-valved ; from 

 the number of cells, it is unilocular, biio- 

 cular, trilocular, quinquelocular, novemlo- 

 cular, or tubmuhilocular ; from the ap- 

 pearance of the external surface, it is 

 glabrous, aculeate, or muricate ; from the 

 number of tubercles on the external sur- 

 face, it is dicoccalor didymous, tricoccal or 

 teiracoceee ; from the number of contiguous 

 capsules, it is simple, duplex, triplex, quin- 

 tuple*, or multiplex ; from its substance, a 

 capsule is called membr anaceous, corticate, 

 tooody, baccate, or spurious ; from the num- 

 ber of seed, it is monosperm, disperm, tris- 

 jvrm , or poly sperm. The parts are the valves, 

 futures, dissepiments, loctilametits and coin- 



nv:Ha. 2. In anatomy, a membranous 



production inclosing a part like a bag ; as 

 tie capeular ligaments, the capsule of the 



crystalline lens, &c. 3. In chemistry, 



a small basin or cup, commonly of porce- 

 lain, but sometimes of platinum or silver, 

 used chiefly for subjecting minute por- 

 tions of substances to heat. 



CAP'TAIN, the military officer who com- 

 mands a company, whether of infantry, 

 <ava!ry, or artillery. In the feudal laws 

 of Europe the title was given to tenants 

 t.* rapite, who were bound to attend their i 

 prince in the wars, at the head of soldiers ; 

 and from this practice the name had its ' 



origin. The title of Captain is appro- 

 priately given to commanders of ships. 



CAF'TAIN-LIECTENANT, an officer who, 

 with the rank of captain and pay of lieu- 

 tenant, commands a company or troop. 



CAP'TION. 1. In English law, a certifi- 

 cate subscribed by commissioners in 

 Chancery declaring when and where the 

 commission was executed. 2. In Scotch 

 law, a writ issued under her Majesty's 

 signet, commanding the apprehension of 

 a debtor -who has disobeyed the charge 

 given him on letters of horning. Peers 

 and married women are by law secured 

 against personal execution by caption, 

 upon civil debts, and pupils by special 

 statute 1696, c. 41. 



CAPUCHI'N. 1. A garment foi females, 

 consisting of a cloak and hood made in 

 imitation of the dress of Capuchin monks. 

 2. A pigeon, the head of which is co- 

 vered with feathers. 



CAPCCHI'NS, monks of the order of St. 

 Francis, who cover their heads with a 

 capuce, capuchon, a stuff cap or cowl. 

 They are clothed in brown or gray, go 

 barefooted, and never shave. 



CAFnix>i'DA,a family of mollusca ; class, 

 Gasteropoda , order, Pectinibratichiata, 

 Cuvier. This family of shells contains 

 five genera, four of which are taken from, 

 the patella?. 



CA/PUT MOR'TCUM, a fanciful term for- 

 merly used to denote the inert residuum 

 of a distillation or sublimation. 



CAR (Welsh), a small carriage of bur- 

 den drawn usually by one horse ; also a 

 name of the constellation called Charles's 

 "Wain or the Bear. 



CAR'ABINE, | a short gun, carrying a 



CAK'BIXE, J ball of 24 to the pound, 

 borne by light horsemen. The name is 

 French, carsbinc. 



CAR'ABUS, Lat. from xai^aSof. A genus 

 of coleopterous insects ; family, Carnivora. 

 Cuv. The ancients designated Carabici 

 under the name of Jiuprestis. The cara- 

 bici are now variously subdivided, each 

 section consisting of numerous genera. 

 There are the TRUNCATIPENNES, consist- 

 ns; of Anthia, Graphipterus,Aptinus,Sra- 

 chinus, Casnoma,&c. ; the BIPARTITI, con- 

 sisting of nceladus, Siaquona, Pasima- 

 chus, Scarites, &c. ; the UUADKIMAM, the 

 genera of which are the Acinopus, Daptns, 

 Harpalus, &c. ; the SIMPLICIMANI, con- 

 sisting of Trabrus, Pogonus, Feronia, &c. ; 

 the PATELIMANI, consisting of Dolichus, 

 Agonus, Chleenius, IHceelus, &c. ; and the 

 GHANDIPALPI, in which we have the Pam- 

 bc-ms, Cychrus, Scaphinotus, Procerus, Ca- 

 lasoma and Carabus proper, of which 124 

 species are described. 



CAR'ACOL, Fr. caracole, a wheeling round. 

 1 . A semi- round which a horseman makes 

 either to the right or left. Cavalry make 

 a caracol after each discharge, in order 10 



