CAR 



200 



CAR 



Bt with teeth, and is moved by water- 

 power or steam. 



CAR'DIOID (from xafiia,, and iftos} ; an 

 algebraical curve, so called from its re- 

 semblance to a heart. 



PQ = AB. 

 CQ = QQ = 2AB. 

 AQ- AB = AP. 

 P always bisects QQ. 



CARF.ITA, an inequilateral bivalve, found 

 fossil at various depths in mud and sand. 

 It belongs to the genus cardivm. 



CARDIUM, the cockle. A genus of bi- 

 valve shell, characterised by the teeth of 

 the hinge, and the projection of the beaks: 

 the latter gives the shells a cordiform 

 appearance: 52 species are described. 

 Name cardivm, from xottpta., the heart. 



CARDOO'N, the Cynara cardunculus , a 

 hardy perennial plant of Crete. It resem- 

 bles the artichoke, but is larger. Name, 

 from Lat. carduui. 



CARDS, plural of Card (q.y.). 1. Instru- 

 ments which serve to disentangle the 

 fibres of wool, cotton, or other analogous 

 bodies, to arrange them in an orderly lap 

 or fleece, and thereby prepare them for 

 being spun into uniform threads. Cards 

 are either fastened to a flat piece of wood, 

 juid worked by the hand, or to a cylinder, 

 and worked by machinery. The card 

 consist* of teeth of wire inserted into a 

 thick leather, the leather being afterwards 

 attached to the wood. In this sense the 



term card is from the Latin earduus. 2. 



Playing Cards : these are too well known 

 to need description. They are said to 

 have been introduced in the 14th century, 

 to divert Charles VI. of France. By the 

 hearts were meant choirmen or ecclesi- 

 astics; the spades (Spanish, espadas, 

 swords) represesented the nobility, who 

 wore awords, or carried pikes. The dia- 

 monds (carreaux) denoted the citizens or 

 merchant* ; the trefoil-leaf or clover- 

 grass was an emblem of the husbandman ; 

 this is called clubs with us, because the 

 Spaniards have bastos on their cards. The 

 knaves were the servants of knights ; the 

 kings were David, Alexander, Caesar, 

 and Charlemagne, who established the 

 four creat monarchies, the Jews, Greeks, 

 Romans, and Franks. The four queens 



were Argine (i.e. regina or queen by 

 descent), Esther, Judith, and Pallas. 



CAKCE'.NIKG, the process of heaving a 

 ship on one side, for the purpose of clean- 

 ing or caulking the other. The term is 

 from FT. carine, the side ana keel of a 

 ship. 



CAREER. 1. In the mantge, a place in- 

 closed with a barrier in whi^h the ring is 



run. 2. In falconry, the Sight of a 



hawk, or about 120 yards. 



CA'RET, Lat. A mark in writing, A, 

 showing that something omitted in the 

 line is written above, or inserted in the 

 margin, and should be reaii in that place : 

 careo, to want. 



CAR'OOOSE, a fowl belonging to the 

 genus Colymbus, called also the crested 

 diver. 



CAR'ICA. 1. The fig, Ficut carica. 2. 



The Papaw-tree, of which there are 

 six species, natives of hot climates ; 

 Dicecia Decandria. Name, carica, a load. 



CARICATC'RE, Ital. caricare, to charge. 

 An exaggerated representation of an ob- 

 ject, in which natural defects are over- 

 charged, so as to cause it to appear ridi- 

 culous. 



CA'RIES, a Latin word for rottenness, 

 applied in medical language to the ulcer- 

 ation of a bone. 



CAR'ILLON, Fr. 1. A little bell : a small 

 instrument furnished with bells, properly 

 tuned, and furnished with finger-keys, 



like those of the piano-forte. 2. A 



simple air, adapted to be played by mu- 

 sical bells. 



CARI'NA, Lat. 1. The keel of a ship. 



2. The back-bone. 3. The keel, or 



that part of a papilionaceous flower, con- 

 sisting of two petals, separate or united, 

 which incloses the parts of fructification. 



CARIN ARI A, a very thin univalve, placed 

 by De Blainville in the family Kectipoda. 

 It derives its name from its dorsal keel ; 

 its inhabitant is unknown. 



CAR'INATED, Lat. carinatvs, keeled or 

 boat-shaped. Applied to leaves ax.d 

 petals when the back is longitudinally 

 prominent ; and to shells when furnished 

 with an elevated ridge, either on the sur- 

 face or margin. 



CARIN'THINE, a variety of augite, of a 

 dark green or black colour. It obtains 

 its name from being found in Carinthia. 



CARLI'NA, the carline- thistle. A genus 

 of plants, Syngenesia Polyg. trqualis. 

 Name from Carolus Magnus, Charles the 

 Great, or Charlemagne ; because, as the 

 story goes, an angel showed him the car- 

 line thistle, and by the use of it his army 

 was preserved from the plague. 



CAR'LINE, Caroline, a silver coin of 

 Naples. 



CAR'LINE, i a piece of timber in a ship, 



CAR'LINO. ] ranging fore and aft, from 

 one deck-beam to ancthsr, directly o^er 



