CAR 3 



the keel, serving as a foundation for the 

 ship. On these rest ledges, on which the 

 planks of the deck are made fast. 



CAR'LINE-KNEES, limbers in a ship lying 

 across from the sides to the hatchway, 

 and serving to sustain the deck. 



CAR'LINE-THISTLE, a name common to 

 all the plants of the genus Oarlina, but 

 especially applied to the C. acaulis of 

 Italy, and the C. vulgaris of Britain. 



CAR'LOCK, a sort of isinglass, from 

 Russia, made from the sturgeon's bladder, 

 and used in clarifying wine. 



CARLOVIN'GIAN, pertaining to, 01 de- 

 scended from, Charlemagne. 



CAR'V ELITE. 1. A mendicant friar, 

 named from Mount Carmel, because the 



order was founded there. 2. A sort of 



pear. 



CAR'MEN, Carters. The carmen of the 

 city of London are constituted a fellow- 

 ship, by act of Common Council. They 

 are subject to the president and governors 

 of Christ's Hospital. 



CAB'MINE, a beautiful red pigment, 

 formed of the colouring matter of cochi- 

 neal. It is a species of lake. The name is 

 French, perhaps from Arabic kirmtn, 

 cochineal. 



CARNA'RIA, flesh-eating animals. In 

 Cuvier's arrangement, the third order of 

 Mammalia. The families are Cheiroptera, 

 Insectivora, and Carnivora. 



CARNA'TION. 1. Flesh-colour ; the naked 

 parts of a picture, exhibiting the colour 



of the flesh. 2. A beautiful species of 



the Itianthus (the D. caryophyllus) , having 

 its colours equally marked all over the 

 flowers. It is a British perennial. 



CARNA'TION -GRASS, I/at, caro, flesh. Any 

 coarse species of carex is so named in 

 the north of England and Scotland. 



CARNE'LIAN, ) a precious stone of va- 



CARNB'LIOX, ) rious colours; as red, 

 brown, yellow, and white. It is a variety 

 of rhombohedral quartz. The finest spe- 

 cimens are brought from India. 



CAR'NEL-WORK, the putting together 

 the timbers, beams, and planks of a ship, 

 ae distinguished from clinch-work. 



CAR'NEOUS, fleshy. Applied, 1. In ana- 

 tomy, to some muscles of the heart. 2. 



In natural history, the term designates 

 (usually) flesh-colour. 



CAR'NZT, a disease of horses, in which 

 the mouth is so furred that they cannot 

 eat. 



CARNIVAL, the season of rejoicing ob- 

 served before Lent, in Catholic countries, 

 with feasts, balls, &c. 



CARNIV'ORA, from carnii and tora. 1. 

 Animals which subsist wholly on flesh: 

 they form a family in the order Carnnria, 



Cuv. 2. A family of coleopterous 



insects vhich pursue and devour others. 



CARNO'SI, an order of polypi, consisting 



li CAR 



of fleshy animals which usually fix them- 

 selves by their base. 



CARNOS'ITY, a little fleshy excrescence 

 in the urethra, neck of the bladder, &e. 



CAROB-TREE, St. John's Bread (Gro- 

 tonia siliqua), a native of the South of 

 Europe. 



CAROCHE', Fr. A carriage of pleasure. 



CAROCOL'LA, Lat. caro, flesh, and Gr. 

 *AXti, glue. A genus of land-snails, so 

 called from the tenacity with which their 

 glutinous fleshy foot adheres to limestone 

 rocks. 



CAB'oMEt.the smell emitted by sugar at 

 a calcining heat. See CARAMEL. 



CAR'OTID, the name of an artery on 

 each side of the neck, from xee^eai, to 

 cause to sleep ; because the carotids sup- 

 ply the head with blood, and the ancients 

 believed sleep to be caused by an increased 

 flow of blood to the head. 



CARP, a fish, the Cyprinus carpio, Lin. 

 The name is in some measure common to 

 all the Cyprinidee, amongst which are the 

 Breams, Gudgeons, Tenches, Suckers, 

 &c. 



CARPATHIAN BALSAM, an essential oil, 

 distilled from the fresh cones of the trees 

 which yield the common turpentine. 



CARPEL'LUM, Lat. from XO,TO$, a leaf 

 in a particular state of modification. 

 Thus the modified leaves forming the 

 pistil are called carpella, and have their 

 under sides turned outwards, and their 

 upper towards the centre of the flower. 

 These leaves are also so folded that their 

 margins are next to the axis ; from these 

 a kind of bud is produced. 



CAR'PENTER, one whose business is to 

 cut, fashion, and join timber for building. 

 Those who do the work of houses are 

 house-carpenters; those who build ships 

 are ship-carpenters. Correctly, the framer 

 is a carpenter, but the finisher is a 

 joiner. The word is French, <:harpentier, 

 from charpente, timber. 



CAR'PENTER'S RULE, a graduated scale, 

 fitted with slides (hence called the sliding- 

 rule), to take the dimensions of timber, 

 and cast up the content of artificers' 

 work. 



CAR'PENTER'S SQUARE. See SQUARE. 



CAR'PENTRY, the art of employing tim- 

 ber in constructing edifices. It is divided 

 into house-carpentry and ship-carpentry. 



CAR'PET, a thick woollen fabric, of 

 variegated colours, for covering floors. 

 This manufacture took its origin in Persia 

 and Turkey. The Axminster carpets are 

 not inferior to those of oriental fabric. 



CARPET-WAI , a border of green sward 

 left round the margin of a ploughed field. 



CARPHOLO'GIA, I from x*f$os , chaff, and 



CARPOLO'QIA, } / tyfl) , to pick. A dis- 

 position to pick inmate objects, which 

 accompanies the delirium of low fever. 



