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CA'RtJM, the caraway, a genus of plants. 

 Tentandria Monogynia. Named from 

 Caria, a province in Asia, where it grows 

 abundantly. 



CARtJN'cuLE, Lat. canmcula, dim. of 

 caro, flesh, a little fleshy excrescence, ap- 

 plied, l,to healthy and natural parts, as 

 the lachrymal caruncula ; and 2, to little 

 soft fleshy excrescences which are the 

 product of disease. 



CARVING, the art of cutting figures in 

 wood, or more generally, it is the art of 

 fashioning by cutting any hard body, in 

 which sense it includes statuary and en- 

 graving as well as cutting in wood. 



CARYAT'IC ORDER, an order of architec- 

 ture wherein the entablature is supported 

 by female figures clothed in long gar- 

 ments, instead of columns, the figures 

 supporting the columns being called 

 caryatides, cariates, or carians. 



CARYAT'IDES, columns shaped like fe- 

 male figures, and in the dress of the Ca- 

 ryan women, who were taken captive 

 by the Athenians (the males being put to 

 T-he sword) and condemned to wear their 

 national robes as a mark of ignominy, and 

 to perpetuate the disgrace of the van- 

 quished Caryates, the architects of the 

 time employed the representation of 

 these women to support the entablatures 

 of their public buildings. 



CARYOPHILLA'CEOCS is sometimes said of 

 corollas, consisting of petals having long 

 claws dilating into a broad limb. 



CARYOPHIL'LE.I, a natural family of 

 plants: type, genus Caryophyllut. 



CARYopHYi/LrM, the clove (Eugenia 

 czryophyllata.} 



CARYOPHYLLCS, the clove-tree, a genus 

 Polyandria Monogynia. Named from 

 xae^vot, a nut, and ptiXXav, a leaf. The 

 C. aromaticvs, an Indian tree which af- 

 fords the clove, is by some botanists 

 placed in the genus Eugenia. 



CARYOP'SIS, Gr., from xct^uet, a nut, and 

 o^>i{, resemblance, the technical name 

 of the grain of corn. 



CAS'CABEL (Spanish), the knob or pum- 

 melion of a cannon. 



CASCAL'HO (Portuguese), a deposit of 

 debris, in which the Brazilian diamond 

 is found. 



CASCARII/LA, a name given originally to 

 some specimens of cinchona, but now 'ap- 

 plied to another bark, the croton casca- 

 rilla. The term is a Spanish diminutive 

 of catfara, Dark or rind. 



CASE, a covering or box : Fr. caitse, Sp. 

 axa. 1. Any cutside covering which 



verves to itciose a thing entirely. 2. In 



irchitecture, the case of a door is the 

 wooden frame in which the door is hung. 

 The case of a stair is the wall which sur- 

 rounds the staircase. 3. In grammar 



Lat. castus, from cado), an inflection of 



I nouns, or a change of termination, to sx- 

 ' press a difference of relation in that word 

 I to others; or to the thing represented. 

 The variation of nouns and adjectives is 

 called declension : both case and declen- 

 sion signifying falling or descending from 



the first state of the word. 4. In fat>~, 



an action on the case is an action where 

 the whole cause of complaint is set forth 

 in the writ. 5. In printing, is the re- 

 ceptacle for the types. There is always 

 a pair of cases, the upper case and the 

 lower case, which are subdivided into 

 compartments for the different types. 



CASE-BAGS, joists which are framed be- 

 tween a pair of girders in naked flooring. 



CASED, covered. A brick wall faced 

 with stone is said to be cased. Cased sash 

 frames are such as have their interior 

 vertical sides hollow to conceal the 

 weights by which the sashes are hung. 



CASE-HARDENING, a method by which 

 articles of iron have their surfaces con- 

 verted into steel. The piece of iron, after 

 being properly polished, is brought to a 

 red-heat, and is then rubbed over with 

 prussiate (ferrocyanate) of potash in fine 

 powder, and quenched in cold water : the 

 process is then complete. 



CA'SEIC ACID, an acid obtained from 

 cheese (cateum) : its existence is doubtful. 



CASE'MATE, from casa. a house. 1. A 

 hollow moulding, which some archi- 

 tects make one-sixth, and others onn- 



fourth of a circle. 2. A vault of mason 



work in the flank of a bastion, next to 

 the curtain, serving as a battery to defend 

 th.'face of the opposite bastion and the 



moat. 3. A well, with its subterranean 



branches, dug in the passage of a bastion 

 till the miner is heard at work and air 

 given to the mine. 



CA'SERN. Fr. casern,from casa, a house. 

 A lodging for soldiers in garrison towns, 

 usually near tne rampart. 



CA'SZ-CHOT, or CANISTER-SHOT, musket 

 balls, stones, scraps of iron, &c., put into 

 cases and shot out of mortars, &c. 



CA'SEI? M, thu basis of cheese : the puri 

 fled curd of mi!k. 



CASH, in trade, the ready-money, bills, 

 drafts, bonds, and all immediately nego- 

 tiable paper, in an individual's or com- 

 pany's possession. 



CASH-ACCOUNT. 1. In book-keeping, an 



I account to which nothing but cash is 



carried on the one hand, and from which 



I all the disbursements of the concern are 



I drawn on the other. The balance is the 



cash in hand. 2. In banking, the name 



given to the account of the advances 

 made by Scottish bankers to an indivi- 

 dual, who has given security for their 

 repayment. 



C.\SHEw'-NtiTS, the produce of the Ana- 

 cardium occidental, a tree of the "West 

 Indies. The kernels are used in cooking 



