CHL 



C II L 



and strong, and is used to cut deep square 

 holes for mortises ; the gouge has a round 

 or curved edge ; socket-chiseh have thin 

 shanks with a hollow socket at top, to re- 

 ceive a strong wooden sprig, fitted in with 

 a shoulder ; the ripping-Mtel, is a socket 

 chisel of an inch broad, with a blunt edge, 

 and no basil. 



CHIS'LEU, the ninth month of the Jew- 

 ish year, answering to a part of November 

 and'Deccmber. 



CHI'TON. Xirin- A genus of shells found 

 both recent and fossil. They belong to 

 Cuvier's order Cydobranchiata. Twenty- 

 eight species are described, seven of which 

 have been found upon our own coasts. 

 The larger species inhabit the S. Seas. 



CHIV'ALRY, in law, & tenure of lands by 

 knight's service, that is, by the condi- 

 tion of performing service on horseback, 

 (Chevalerie), or of performing some noble 

 or military service to his lord. "When the 

 tenant held only of the king, the tenure 

 was regal, when held of any other person, 

 it was common, and was usually called 

 esatage or shield-service. 



CHIVES, CIVES, in botany, 1. the small 



headed onion, (Allium sctusnoprasuni) . 



2. See STAMEN. 



CHLO'RAI.. Liebig has lately described a 

 new chemical substance under this name. 

 It consists of chlorine, carbon, and oxygen, 

 and may be called a chloride of carbon. It 

 is a limpid colourless liquid, similar in 

 odour and appearance to the oily fluid 

 which chlorine forms with olefiant gas ; 

 but in density, volatility , and composition, 

 it is very different. It is formed by pass- 

 ing chlorine into alcohol, from the first 

 syllables of which words the name is 

 formed. 



CHLO'RATE, a salt formed by the union 

 of the chloric acid with a salifiable base, 

 as the chlorate of potash. 



CHLO'RIC ACID. This acid, formerly called 

 hyperoxymuriatic acid, is a compound of 

 oxygen and chlorine, in the proportion of 

 five equivalents of oxygen to two of chlo- 

 rine. It has no sensible smell, reddens 

 litmus, and its solution in water is per- 

 fectly colourless. It unites with the bases 

 and forms chlorates. 



CHLO'RIC OXIDE, the peroxide of 

 chlorine. 



CHLO'RIDE, a compound, not acid, of 

 chlorine, with a base. 



CHLO'RINE, a gaseous element discovered 

 by Scheele in 1770, and named thus from 

 %>>tuZOf, green, on account of its colour. 

 It is one of the most suffocating gases, 

 possesses powerful bleaching qualities, 

 and is highly valued as a disinfecting 

 agent. It is soluble in water, forming 

 chlorine-water, and is still more condensed 

 by lime, forming chloride or lime, or bleach- 

 ing-powder. Chlorine combines with hy- 



| drogen, forming hydrochloric or muriatic 

 i acid. It unites with oxysron in vaiiou* 



proportions, forming the follow 

 I compounds: Protoxide of chlorine. 35'45 

 1 chl. -r- 8 oxy. by weight, or 2 chl. + 1 

 oxy. by measure ; peroxide of chlorine, 35 45 

 chl. + 32 oxy. by wt., or 2 chl. + 4 oxy. 

 by mcas. ; chloric acid , 35'45 chl. + 40 oxy. 

 by wt., or 2 chl. -f- 5 oxy. by meas. ; per- 

 chloric acid, 35-45 chl. + 56 oxy. by wt., 

 or 2 chl. 4- 7 oxy. by meas. "TO these 

 compounds some chemists add a fifth, 

 under toe name of chlorous acid. Those 

 compounds of chlorine which are not 

 acids, are termed chlorides and chlorurets. 



CHLO'RIODATE, a compound of the chlor- 

 iodic acid with a salifiable base. 



CHLO'RIODIC ACID, a peculiar volatile 

 substance possessing acid properties, ob 

 tained by subliming iodine in a great ex 

 cess of chlorine. 



CHi/ORis(AaiSf,green N i. 1. The green- 

 finch, asmall bird. 2. A genus of exotic 



small plants. Polygamia Monoecia. The 

 species are mostly American. 



CHLO'RITE, a mineral of a grass green 

 colour (^Awjej), a variety of talc. Chlo 

 rite and talc pass, by insensible gradations, 

 into each other, and in this state they 

 supply the place of mica in most of the 

 granitic rocks in the vicinity of Mont 

 Blanc. There are several varieties. 



CHLOROCARBON'IC ACID, a colourless 

 gas, composed of 1 eq. of chlorine, and 1 

 eq. of carbonic oxide. It is better known 

 by the name of phosgene gas. 



CHLOROCY'ANIC ACID, an acid composed 

 of hydrocyanic acid and chlorine, and 

 formerly called oxy /music acid. It consists 

 of equal yolumes of chlorine and cyan- 

 ogen. 



CHLOROM'ETRT.the name given to the 

 process for testing the discolouring power 

 of any combination of chlorine, but espe- 

 cially of the commercial articles, the 

 chlorides of lime, potash, and soda. 



CHLORONI'TROUS GAS, formed of equal 

 volumes of chlorine and binoxide of ni- 

 trogen. 



CHLOR'OPHANE, a variety of fluor-spar, 

 found in Siberia, of a violet colour. 

 Name from A{?, green, and fa,mu, 

 to show, from its transmitting only the 

 green rays of light. 



CHLOBOPH^'ITE, j a scarce mineral found 



CHLOROPHE'ITE, } in some amygdaloids 

 in nodules, from the size of a radish seed 

 to that of a pea. It is named from tf.eaio;, 

 green, and QSUQS, black, because its colour 

 is green when newly broken, but it speed- 

 ily becomes black. 



CHLORO'SIS. 1. In medicine, the green 

 sickness (%Kci>qp; , green), a disease M'hich 

 principally affects young unmarried fe- 

 males. 2. In botany, constitutional 



debility, the plant being pale, weak, and 



