CLO 



231 



CO A 



to thf mercy of a lawyer, who often 

 becomes his tormentor. 



CLIM.VC'TERIC, from xhi(ACi%> a grada- 

 tion. A terra applied to certain years of a 

 person's life, winch are supposed to mark 

 a certain degree in the scale of his exist- 

 ence, and also to a particular disease 

 observed in persons advanced in life, 

 wherein a general decay of the system 

 takes place without any assignable cause 

 being observed. 



CLINAN'THUS, from Jurj, a bed, and 

 ttvQo? , a flower. The enlarged and flat- 

 tened top of a common peduncle, which 

 supports several sessile flowers. 



CLINCH. In nautical language, the part 



of a cable, or the kind of knot and seizings 



t'a-iti'ning it to the ring of an anchor, &c. 



CLINCH'ER, a cramp or piece of iron bent 



down to fasten anything. 



CLINCH'EK-BUILT, made of clincher- 

 work. 



CLINCH'ER-WORK, the disposition of the 

 planks ; the side of any boat or vessel, 

 when the lower edge of every plank over- 

 lays that next below it, like the slates on 

 the roof of a house. 



CLINCH'INO. 1. The operation of driving 

 the point of a nail backward, when it 

 has penetrated quite through a piece of 



wood. 2. The drivingof a little oakum 



into the seams of a ship, to keep out the 

 water ; an imperfect kind of caulking. 



CLix'iuM.used to denote the summit of 

 a floral branch, of which the carpclla are 

 the termination. 



CLINK'ERS, bricks impregnated with 

 nitre, and more thoroughly bii nit by being 

 placed next to the fire in the kiln. 



CLINK'STONE, phonolile, a felspathic 

 rock of the trap family, named from its 

 yielding a metallic sound when struck. 



CLISOM'ETER, from v'f.uv, to lean, and 

 t*6T0ov, measure. An instrument for 

 measuring the dip of mineral strata. 



CLI'O, a genus of Mollusks, order Ptero- 

 poda. The C. borealis, Lin., is the chief 

 food of the whale. 



CLI'TORIS, xXtirooi;. A small glandi- 

 form body, above the nymphoc and before 

 the opening of the urinary passage of 

 females. 



CLOA'CA, (Lat.) a common sewer. Used 

 to designate the cavity formed by the 

 extremity of the intestinal canal in birds, 

 fish, reptiles, and the monotrematous 

 animals. 



CLOFF, that in which any goods are put 

 for convenience of carriage ; as the bags 

 of pepper, hops, &c. 



CLOI'STER, claustrum. Literally an in- 

 closed place. The principal part of a 

 regular monastery, consisting of a square 

 peristyle or piazza, between the church, 

 the chapter-house, and the refectory, rud 

 -, Ter which it the dormitory. 



CLOSE-HAULED, the trim of a ship's sails 

 when she endeavours to make progress in 

 the nearest direction possible towards 

 that point of the compass from which the 

 wind blows. 



CLOSE-QUARTERS, strong barriers of 

 wood, used in a ship for defence when the 

 ship is boarded. 



CLOS'ER. In masonry, the last stone in 

 the horizontal length of a wall, which is 

 smaller than the rest to till up the row. 



CLOSE-STRING, in dog-leg stairs, a stair- 

 case without an open newel. 



CLOUTED or CLOTTED CREAM, produced 

 on the surface of milk by setting a pan 

 of new milk on a hot hearth. 



CLOVE, a pungent aromatic spice, the 

 fruit or rather calyces of the unopened 

 flowers of the clove-tree. Cloves are 

 shaped like a nail, whence their name, 

 from Fr. clou, a nail. Clove is also the name 

 given, 1. To 71bs. of wool. 2. To 81bs. of 

 cheese or butter. 



CLO'VER, CLOVER-GRASS, a name com- 

 mon to all the species (about 100) of thu 

 genus Trifolium. Dutch, klaver, a club, 

 quasi club-grass. 



CLOVE-TREE, the CaryophyUus aroma- 

 tints, a native of the Molucca Islands. It 

 grows to the size of the Laurel. 



CLUB-MOSS, a name common to all the 

 species of the genus Lycopodium. 



CLUMP. 1. A mass of trees or shrubs, 

 or both, generally compact in its outline, 

 and always small as compared with ex- 

 tensive plantations. 2. The compressed 



clay of coal strata. 



CLDNCH , an indurate clay found dividing 

 the coal-seams. 



CLU'PEJE (plural of clupea, a herring), 

 the herring family of fishes. Type, genus 

 Clupea. 



CLYM'ENA, a genus of Articulata. Order 

 Abranchiata, family Abranchiala setigera, 

 Cuv. Name from xhu/Mvo;, plain, their 

 bodies having but few rings compared 

 with the earth-worm. 



CLY'PEATE, Lat. clypeus, shield-like. The 

 same as scutate. 



COADUNA'T.E, a natural family of plants, 

 which have a number of flowers clustered 

 together (coadwiatus) so as to resemble a 

 single flower. 



COAG'ULUM, Lat. the tenacious sub- 

 stance formed from a fluid by coagula- 

 tion. 



COAK, in the construction of wood 

 framings, a small cylinder of hard wood, 

 let into the ends of the pieces to be 

 joined, to render the joining more secure. 

 The several pieces forming the timbers of 

 ships are at present cooked together : for- 

 merly they were chocked together by tri- 

 angular chotkx, made fast by tree-nails, 

 which sustained all the stress at the joint 

 in whatever direction; and, therefore, 



